Page 22 - 5G Basics - Core Network Aspects

1 Core network aspects

8.6 Service universalization

FNs are recommended to facilitate and accelerate provision of facilities in differing areas, such as towns or
countryside, developed or developing countries, by reducing lifecycle costs of the network and through open
network principles.

Rationale: Existing network environments still impose high entry barriers, both for manufacturers to develop
equipment, and for operators to offer services. In this sense, FNs should enhance universalization of
telecommunication services, facilitating the development and deployment of networks and provision of
services.
To that purpose, FNs should support openness through global standards and simple design principles in order
to reduce the lifecycle costs of the network, particularly development, deployment, operation, and
management costs, and so reducing the so-called digital divide.

8.7 Economic incentives
FNs are recommended to be designed to provide a sustainable competitive environment for solving tussles
among the range of participants in the ICT/telecommunication ecosystem – such as users, various providers,
governments, and IPR holders – by providing a proper economic incentive.

Rationale: Many technologies have failed to be deployed, to flourish, or to be sustainable, because of
inadequate, or inappropriate decisions, by the architect concerning intrinsic economic or social aspects,
(e.g., contention among participants), or because of a lack of attention to surrounding conditions
(e.g., competing technologies) or incentives (e.g., open interface). Such failures have sometimes occurred
because the technologies did not provide mechanisms to stimulate fair competition.

One example of this is the lack of QoS mechanisms in the initial IP network implementation needed in real-
time services, such as video streaming. The IP layer did not provide a means to its upper layer to know if QoS
was guaranteed from end-to-end. Initial IP network implementations also lacked proper economic incentives
for the network providers to implement them. These are some of the reasons that have created obstacles to
the introduction of QoS guarantee mechanisms and streaming services in IP networks, even when
telecommunications ecosystem participants have tried to customize networks, or have asked others to
provide customized networks, to start a new service and share its benefits.
Sufficient attention, therefore, needs to be given to economic and social aspects, such as economic incentives
in designing and implementing the requirements, architecture, and protocol of FNs, in order to provide the
various participants with a sustainable, competitive environment.
Ways of resolving economic conflicts, including tussles in cyberspace that include economic reward for each
participant's contribution are becoming increasingly important [b-Clark]. The use of networks is considered
to be a means of producing economic incentives in various fields, as the Internet grows and brings together
diverse social functionalities. Different Internet participants often pursue conflicting interests, which has led
to conflict over the Internet and controversy in international and domestic regulation issues.

8.8 Network management

FNs are recommended to be able to efficiently operate, maintain, and provision the increasing number of
services and entities. In particular, FNs are recommended to be able to process massive amounts of
management data and information, and to then efficiently and effectively transform these data into relevant
information and knowledge for the operator.
Rationale: The number of service and entities that the network must handle is increasing. Mobility and
wireless technology have become essential aspects of networks. Requirements on security and privacy need
to adjust to expanding applications, and regulations are becoming increasingly complicated. Moreover,
integration of data collecting and processing capability due to Internet of Things, smart grid, cloud computing,
and other aspects, are introducing non-traditional network equipment into networks, causing proliferation
of network management objectives that further complicate evaluation criteria. Thus, effective support for
operators is essential in future networks.

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