Page 361 - Shaping smarter and more sustainable cities - Striving for sustainable development goals

According to the above findings, ICT plays crucial role for smart sustainable city development. More
specifically, it has been depicted that ICT contributes to all the SSC dimensions (people, living,
government, mobility, economy and environment), which is translated that the alternative ICT
solutions, as they're expressed with SSC focus group's documents (i.e., IoT, telecommunication
network, cloud computing, cybersecurity, etc.), play major role in SSC development.

SSC can be classified according to the smart infrastructure type and corresponding development
stage [6] to the following categories:

a) Hard infrastructure based: This category refers to city innovations, which target the
efficiency and technological advancement of the city's hard infrastructure systems (i.e.,
transport, water, waste, energy).
b) Soft infrastructure based: City innovations, which address the efficiency and technological
advancement of the city's soft infrastructure and the people of the city (i.e., social and

human capital; knowledge, inclusion, participation, social equity, etc.).
With regard to the city development stage they're classified as the following:

a) New cities (Greenfield or 'cities from scratch' or 'planned cities'): They concern smart
sustainable city projects where the entire city is being developed from ground zero, even
urban planning addresses the above smart city dimensions and innovative solutions are
embedded in the city. Various cases of this type are under development around the world
([FG SSC‐0347, Technical Specifications for Multi‐Service Infrastructure for Smart
Sustainable Cities in New‐Build Areas]).

b) Existing cities: they concern SSC projects where the innovative solutions are installed in
existing infrastructure. Representatives of this category concern all the cities, which develop
various types of innovative solutions.
c) Smart plants: they concern from‐scratch projects, which are developed inside existing cities
(i.e., new neighborhoods, new blocks or harbors, etc.) ([FG SSC‐0347, Technical
Specifications for Multi‐Service Infrastructure for Smart Sustainable Cities in New‐Build
Areas].

Finally, SSC ICT architecture has to comply with the all potential evolution that has been followed,
such as from wireless and broadband cities, to recent ubiquitous and green cities [16], which
demands flexibility from the architecture.

6.1.3 Stakeholders Identification

According to [ITU TR SSC‐0113], a stakeholder is defined as any entity, an institution or an individual,
that has an interest in SSC or that can significantly influence or be influenced by its deployment. As
such, a set of stakeholders have been identified and concern:

a. Municipalities, City Council and city administration: they are responsible for city
management, and therefore they are the main promoters of SSC initiatives on each specific
city.
b. National and regional governments: they have remit on policies that can affect SSC
implementation.

ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications 351