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The Question will continue to cover the following main topics from national perspectives in the scope of possible revision of the Question 4/1 Final Report for ITU-D study period 2018-2021: 1) New charging methods (or models, if applicable) for services provided over NGN networks: 1.1) Methods for determining the costs of wholesale services. 2) The impact of infrastructure-sharing (local loop unbundling, tower companies, etc.) on investment cost, provision of telecommunication/ICT services, competition and prices to consumers: case studies with quantitative analysis. 2.1) For what type of infrastructure (or facilities) is the provider party free to negotiate reasonable commercial terms and conditions with a requesting party? 2.2) Methods for determining the costs of passive and active infrastructure-sharing services. 3) Consumer price evolution and impact on ICT service usage, innovation, investment and operator revenues: 3.1) New and innovative business models for services deployed in an NGN environment. 3.2) Trends, offers and prices of telecommunication/ICT services, including international mobile roaming. 3.3) Assessment of telecommunication/ICT service bundles, bonuses and their impact. 4) Trends in the development of virtual mobile operators and their regulatory framework. 2.2 New topics for next study period The Question will cover the following main topics from a national perspective in the scope of developing the new Question 4/1 Final Report or other deliverables for the ITU-D study period 2022-2025: 1) Impact of new converging ICTs on cost-modelling strategies traditionally carried out by stakeholders constituting the ICT networked value chain (e.g. telecom operators, over-the-top, digital service providers, etc.) ( in possible collaboration with Question 2/2): 1.1) The role and design of new tariffs for convergent networks/services (e.g. bundling) 1.2) The role and impact of tower companies as new entrants for a converging telecommunication/ICT market. 2) The role and impact on achieving the SDGs of new types and modes of investment in telecommunications/ICTs, e.g. blended investment and crowdfunding. 3) Analysis of case studies on the economic contribution of digital telecommunication/ICT technologies and services to the national economy. 4) Framework for establishing the contribution of telecommunications/ICTs to a country's GDP. 5) Economic incentives and mechanisms for bridging the digital divide. 6) Analysis of the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on telecommunication/ICT markets. 7) Analysis of the contribution of telecommunications/ICTs on the economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Economic aspects/implications of digital transformation: The economic value of usage of personal data (in possible collaboration with Question 6/1 and Question 3/2); Impact on innovation and productivity and other national economic aspects of digital financial inclusion. 2.3 New topics for this study period to be addressed in collaboration with other ITU-D Questions1 1) National experiences on the contribution to the national economy in bridging the digital divide to provide accessible and affordable connectivity (in possible collaboration with Questions 1/1, 5/1 and 7/1); 2) Different models of infrastructure sharing, including on commercially negotiated terms (in possible collaboration with Question 1/1) 2.1) Usage and impact of alternative infrastructure from other actors (e.g. aerial optical fibre using electric poles belonging an energy company, telephone poles of incumbent operator, a railway company's optical fibre) (in possible collaboration with Question 1/1).