ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications 783 6.2.3 Productivity This clause lists the core indicators defined for productivity and economic sustainability. There are 8 indicators in this dimension, covering expenditure of ICT R&D, expenditure of ICT projects, ICT companies ratio, ICT employers, intangible investment, e‐commerce, e‐services and cloud computing. Sub‐dimension Indicator Description D3.1 Capital investment I3.1.1 ICT related Research and Development expenditure Proportion of city GDP spent on ICT related Research and Development NOTE – This covers iinvestment in ICT related Research and Development including academic research input. I3.1.2 Investment intensity in ICT projects enabling SSC The amount of city investments in programs, initiatives and awards that enhance the smartness and sustainability of the city, expressed as proportion of city GDP. NOTE – These projects could be sponsored by grant makers, multilateral organisations and/or private sector. D3.4 Trade I3.4.1 Application of e‐commerce transactions Number of e‐commerce transactions per 100 inhabitants through electronic and mobile payment. D3.8 Innovation I3.8.1 Research and Development intensity in ICT Proportion of research and development intensive ICT companies among all companies. NOTE – Research and development intensive ICT companies refer to ICT companies with high focus on research and development efforts. D3.9 Knowledge economy I3.9.1 Intangible investments as a proportion of GDP Proportion of intangible investments (e.g., Research and development, software, design, marketing, education and training) in new and existing businesses expressed as proportion of city GDP. I3.9.2 Employees belonging to ICT sector Proportion of employees in ICT among all employees. NOTE – Employees in smart industries to be added if possible. I3.9.3 Companies providing e‐services Proportion of companies which provide network based services (including e‐commerce, e‐learning, e‐entertainment, cloud computing etc.). NOTE – Data collection may be challenging due to data gaps. I3.9.4 Application of computing platforms Proportion of companies that offer cloud computing and similar resources serving the public, other companies, government and other organizations.