Acknowledgements This Technical Specifications was researched and principally authored by Ziqin Sang (Fiberhome Technologies Group). The author would like to thank ITU for providing the opportunity to work and research under the ITU‐T Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities (FG‐SSC). The author would also like to recognize the contributions of Pernilla Bergmark (Ericsson), Claudio di Carlo (Italy), Ramy Ahmed Fathy (NTRA, Egypt), Jia Guo (Fiberhome Technologies Group), Takafumi Hashitani (Fujitsu), Junnosuke Sugiura (Fujitsu), Angelica V Ospina (University of Manchester) and Mythili Menon (University of Geneva) who provided inputs for this Technical Specifications. The author also acknowledges the guidance and support from all the members of the ITU‐T FG‐SSC Management Team. Additional information and materials relating to this Technical Specifications can be found at: www.itu.int/itu‐t/climatechange. If you would like to provide any additional information, please contact Cristina Bueti (ITU) at tsbsg5@itu.int.