ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications 669 3.3 Technical specifications for fusion process There are two technical specifications for fusion process, namely resource and toponym matching specification as well as resource and map fusion specification. Only the aspects of the resource and toponym matching specification are explained in detail: background, scope, and content. 3.3.1 Resource and toponym matching specification 3.3.1.1 Background Toponym is important in the GIS databases, and it can assist users in the searching, interpreting and analyzing of the geographic data. Meanwhile, in the Internet of things and construction of smart cities, the scanning, imaging and radar type sensors, aerial and space images as well as ground‐based observations, and disaster, accident calamity, public hygiene event as well as welfare event are all carriers of information resources. However, they lack the association with the actual place names, resulting in the difficulty of being applied in the smart sustainable cities. The research of how to match up and fuse nodes, sensors, observations, and events with toponym database is able to label geographic locations, and is beneficial to the unified management, efficient discovery, time and space pattern mining, as well as visualization for all these observation resources. The technical specification for resource and toponym database matching in the integrated management for smart sustainable cities is designed to formulate a unified and efficient workflow to realize the fusion of resources and their toponym. Through the fusion, the actual place names can be assigned to the corresponding nodes, sensors, observations and events, which will assist in expressing and understanding the observation information. 3.3.1.2 Scope The technical specification for resources and the toponym database matching in IMSSC provides a unified workflow for observation resources matching up with the toponym database, including matching the nodes, sensors, observations and event resources up with the toponym database. The technical specification is limited to matching nodes, sensors, observations and event resources up with the toponym database. However, the structure and characteristics information of the resources and toponym database themselves as well as the data processing method and service are not included. The interface specification of fusion process can be used to provide technical guidance for matching the observation resources up with the toponym database, add and correct positions for observation resources, implement quality supervision as well as efficient management for resources and toponym and so on. The concrete application scope is depicted in Figure 15.