ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications 661 3) The demand granularity of the information resources and fusion results are quite different, together with the distributed resources, inconsistent interfaces, and passive decision services. The information resource interfaces are different, as well as the different user requirements, and distributed service resources. When facing up with great environmental and disaster events, many problems appear, including which data are needed, which sensors can supply the data, which models are in need, and where the models can be found. The non‐uniform service interfaces at present are not able to satisfy the complex task requirements, and the active service‐focused mode is also absent, resulting in problems of passive and untimely decisions. The problem of refined decision‐making in smart sustainable cities is shown in Figure 7. Figure 7 – The problem of refined decision‐making in smart sustainable cities Briefly, the scale of information resources in cities is increasing dramatically, together with the multiple demands from the environment and disaster monitoring. There is an urgent need for establishing an integrated information management infrastructure to implement resource integration, fusion processing, and management service for smart sustainable cities. Through the infrastructure, the heterogeneous observation resources can be combined via the Internet, to form the dynamic coupling mechanisms for collaborative observations, maximize the use of observation resources, provide the task‐driven service mode based on the space and time information, and greatly improve the integrated management and service level. During the process, the sustainable monitoring of the environmental safety, the quick response during serious disaster events, and the transformation from the anytime, anybody, anywhere, anything (4A) service to the flexible right time, right body, right place, right thing (4R) service can be completed. 2.3 Technologies of IMSSC Compared with the digital city management, from the technical level, the integrated management for smart sustainable cities is to realize the transformation from the online management based on the Internet to the real‐time dynamic management on the basis of IoT, from the sensing management of every single sensor to the collaborative management of multiple sensors, from the island of the industrial model management to the model web management of the application decisions [b‐Balazinska]. To be specific, IMSSC consists of the observation web, service web, and model web technologies.