Acknowledgements This Technical Report was researched and written by Nengcheng Chen (Wuhan University, China), Ziqin Sang (Fiberhome Technologies Group, China), Wenying Du (Wuhan University, China) and Zeqiang Chen (Wuhan University, China). The authors also acknowledge the guidance and support from all the members of the FG‐SSC Management Team, and especially Flavio Cucchietti (Telecom Italia, Italy, and FG‐SSC Vice‐Chairman) and Paolo Gemma (Huawei, China, and FG‐SSC Working Group 2 Coordinator). Additional information and material relating to this Technical Report can be found at: www.itu.int/itu‐t/climatechange. If you would like to provide any additional information, please contact Cristina Bueti at tsbsg5@itu.int.