ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications 577 Table 5 – Proposed smart sustainable cities' climate change adaptation checklist Key areas for the integration of ICTs into adaptation plans Description (e) Stakeholder participation Use of ICTs to foster participatory processes and improve stakeholder engagement in climate change adaptation decision‐making (e.g., social networking tools used to broaden stakeholder participation in adaptation processes, number of ICT applications used to increase transparency and share citizen's voices as part of adaptation processes) (f) Stakeholder awareness Use of ICT tools to raise stakeholders' awareness about climate change issues, risks and responses options in the city (e.g., number of ICT applications used as part of public awareness/education campaigns on climate change issues) (g) Vulnerability/resilience Use of ICTs to strengthen the coping capacity of the city in face of climate change impacts, including increased livelihoods' resilience, more robust public utilities infrastructures (e.g., number of cases in which ICTs were used to improve the ability of different city sectors and services (e.g., transport, water, energy, health) to withstand and recover from climate‐related disasters). Source: adapted from IIED (2012) and report content. Conclusion Climate change adaptation strategies can receive a fundamental boost if national, regional and local Governments choose to harness and utilize the transformational potential of ICTs. This paper recognizes that the potential impacts of climate change in cities could be significant. This is because cities contribute significantly to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP), since economic activities is centred in and around them for every nation. Climate change may disrupt economic activities and services, damaging important sectors and services, including water supply and sanitation, agriculture, urban planning, mobility, building infrastructure, energy, health, waste management and food security. This Technical Report identifies three enabling roles of ICTs for climate adaptation in cities. Firstly, utilizing ICTs for enhanced disaster risk management; secondly ICTs to improve city resilience and adaptive capacity and finally ICTs for informed adaptation decision making. For these three roles, this report provides detailed examples, drawing from a wide and prolific range of country and city experiences.