570 ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications 3.3 ICTs for informed adaptation decision making According to the UNFCCC, effective engagement of stakeholders and management of knowledge for adaptation is vital in supporting all adaptation activities. Under the Cancun Adaptation Framework (2010), relevant multilateral, international, regional and national organizations, the public and private sectors, civil society and other relevant stakeholders are invited to undertake and support enhanced action on adaptation at all levels. In addition to monitoring the environment and the changing climate, ICTs have a role to play in cities' climate change adaptation decision making by facilitating information dissemination. ICTs facilitate the inclusion of multiple voices in the design and implementation of adaptation strategies. ICT tools should be used to identify climate change related needs and priorities at city level, and support the identification of resources and capacities available to respond to climatic opportunities and threats. The availability of information provided through hazard mapping and monitoring, urban risk reduction in format that are easily understood by all levels of stakeholders, could motivate all urban dwellers to engage in joint climate change responses (Box 12). Box 12. Maua town, city of Sao Pablo, VIVO‐Clima Precipitation Public Information This solution consists on a service that provides real‐time information on precipitation levels in different geographic areas in the Maua town in the city of Sao Paulo. VIVO‐Clima runs from the installation of rain gauges in the mobile phone sites of Telefónica Brazil, which send information to the company m2m management platform. The system focuses primarily on trying to prevent natural disasters such as floods, landslides and droughts in climate risk areas. This initiative gathers information in real time and promotes rainfall forecast more effective, enabling better protection of people living in areas at risk. The information gathered, is displayed in a web‐based platform that can be accessed via Internet by the public and the government. Source: Telefónica S.A & ITU Report resilient pathways: The adaptation of the ICT sector to climate change (2013). http://www.itu.int/en/ITU‐T/climatechange/Documents/Publications/Resilient_ Pathways‐E.PDF ICTs can also help raise public awareness on health‐related problems that are intensified by climate change manifestations (e.g., malaria), supporting EWS to disseminate information in order to prevent or control the spread of diseases. Similarly, they can support public awareness and education campaigns on safe‐housing construction, water storage and robust drainage systems, empowering the community to mitigate the impacts of climatic occurrences. New and traditional ICTs (e.g., mobile phones, community radios) can also be used as effective information and EWS among populations settled in dangerous terrains. Policy and research