ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications 469 systems which are found in larger or more complex buildings. Thus a single family home is not likely to have a fire alarm system although many homes today have a security system of some kind. Obviously the security system can in itself monitor for fire, smoke, or even temperature rise. Access control in a single family unit is limited probably to the front door and since all those normally living in such a unit are related to each other it is assumed that they would all also trust each other. Lighting may be automated and most residential HVAC systems use only one thermostat and do not have any form of direct digital control (DDC) or equivalent although some larger single family dwellings may indeed have HVAC zones which are controlled in some appropriate manner. Economic benefits, efficiency benefits or interactions of other kinds are therefore likely to be minimal. 3.2 Residential multi‐unit Typically a residential multi‐unit is either a rental building or a condominium building in which centralized management of electrical usage, HVAC operation, security systems, guests, parking, fire alarm systems and common area lighting are all candidates for being managed in an effective and direct manner. By providing the central control with all of the foregoing and possibly also surveillance cameras the control desk can manage the building with just one single individual who can monitor, control or adjust as may be required. Without the integration of all the systems this individual would need several support individuals to review and adjust each of the individual systems. The intelligent building will allow monitoring and management of ongoing costs including maintenance activities in a manner, which will provide significant improvement in the services to the residence. In addition, depending on the configuration of the multiple‐units (Multiple Rental Unit – MRU) or the individual units there is an opportunity for tenants to adjust their suites to meet their needs on a scheduled basis allowing special provisions, for example, for any residents who may be away on vacation, at daily scheduled work or otherwise to provide significant economies by optimizing the use of the HVAC and lighting systems. 3.3 Commercial buildings Typical commercial buildings employ a combination of systems including all the systems found in a residential multi‐unit environment together with a significant number of the functionalities appropriate to an office or even a retail environment. Some commercial buildings would also provide locations for retail, restaurants and for entertainment such as cinemas or conference facilities. Without going into infinite detail all of these functions rely heavily on various forms of automation ranging from parking and subsidized parking, through inventory management, music systems, paging systems, escalators and elevators and food storage systems. The integrated building technology (IBT) systems can provide for monitoring and measuring any or all of these operations so as to alert individual tenants if their food storage systems fall outside acceptable temperatures or if sales inventories have been exceeded. According to the policies, which may be appropriate to any given sales facility, there may be pressures exerted on retail merchants to pay a portion of their profits or sales volume as \"rent\" to the landlord. The intelligent building can provide a means of measuring the income or sales volume in an objective manner which would allow the landlord to measure his percentage. Evidently lighting, emergency signage and regular signage are all additional functions which can be readily introduced. 3.4 Hotel A hotel is normally very open to benefit from IBT technology as, depending on the season, the city and general circumstances, including the day of the week, hotel rooms may be at a premium or