ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications 377 Appendix A Table A.1 – Preferred architectures in various examined cases Case Findings Architecture Organization European Smart Cities Urban Intelligence Measurement System Project (various European Cities) Two cities in Netherlands SOA State‐Owned‐Enterprise (SOE) run by the municipality 52 cities n‐tier architecture (4 layers): Network, Content, Intelligence, e‐services Public Organization (i.e., Gdansk (Poland), Masdar (UAE)) Public Private Partnership (PPP) (i.e., Amsterdam (Netherlands)) Private Companies (Malaga (Spain), New Songdo (Korea)) Helsinki, Kyoto n‐tier architecture (3 layers): information, interface, interaction State‐Owned‐Enterprise (SOE) run by the Municipality Dubai n‐tier architecture (3 layers): Infrastructure, data, application Public Organization (Government) Trikala, Greece n‐tier architecture (6 layers): data, infrastructure, interconnection, business, service and user State‐Owned‐Enterprise (SOE) run by the Municipality Barcelona n‐tier architecture (4 layers): code, nodes, infrastructure and environment SOE run by the Municipality in cooperation with the local university Blacksburg Electronic Village n‐tier architecture (3 layers): infrastructure, content, community PPP between Bell Atlantic Telecoms, Virginia Tech, Municipality Amsterdam n‐tier architecture PPP between Municipality and Liander grid Operator Singapore n‐tier architecture (4 layers): ICT infrastructure, Cognitive infrastructure, Services, Customers Public Organization