ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications 293 Figure 51 – Schematic Representation of Smart Water Management Technologies and Tools Source: McIntosh 2014 Smart Water Management Technologies Smart Water Management technologies are already currently applied to many different areas of water management (Figure 49). These technologies when applied to cities, help acquire reliable data and enhancement to operations and safeguard proper decision making. In this context, many of these innovative ICT tools have been developed to shape next‐generation urban water infrastructure systems to improve performance, increase efficiency, reduce costs, decrease redundancy, as well as ensure negligible environmental impacts. Figure 52 – Current Implementation of Smart Water Management Technologies and Tools Source: Hauser 2012 Smart Pipes and Sensor Networks37 Smart Pipes incorporates multi‐functional sensors that can sense strain, temperature and pressure anomalies, as well as measure water flow and quality during service, to provide operators with ____________________ 37 For more information: http://www.isws.illinois.edu/gws/sensor/smartpipe/