ITU‐T's Technical Reports And Specifications 191 Ministry of Science and Technology This is the ministry that launches or should promote the research of SSC within the high technology research programmes. Ministry of Environment Similarly to the municipal unit, the Ministry of Environment must work transversally to ensure that actions are taken across the other ministries towards a more sustainable country, considering and integrating the role of ICTs. They should also be involved in monitoring and measuring the current state as well as the improvements achieved. This ministry also organizes awareness campaigns to encourage sustainable habits, sometimes together with other ministries like the transportation or energy ministries. Climate change units must also work on the inclusion of ICTs into national and local climate change programs. Ministry of Energy Even if there are examples of cities deploying first pilot projects of the so‐called smart grids, the electrical grid, faring system and policies, is still remit of the central government. Therefore the support of the Ministry of Energy is needed for the deployment of smart grids at the national level. The same can apply regarding other energy systems such as the natural gas network with the deployment of smart meters. This ministry should develop policies that promote and regulate the upgrade of the energy networks to become smarter and more efficient. Health Unit The health unit can benefit from the features developed in the frame of the SSC in order to provide a better service to the patients or service users, and at the same time, increasing its efficiency. There are the technological solutions that can be comprised in the term \"e‐Health\". This includes solutions such as telemedicine, healthcare information systems or health apps on smartphones to name a few. At the same time, the health unit can benefit from applying the concept of cooperation that is intrinsic in SSC initiatives. For instance, it can be synchronized with the emergency units both to react quickly to an emergency that will need medical resources, and/or alert emergency services in case of a pandemic. Ministry of Education Similarly to the health unit, the Ministry of Education can take advantage of technological solutions to improve its services. This includes e‐learning which can be useful for children that cannot attend school or to make long life learning more accessible to adults, among others. Transportation Unit or Ministry Although urban mobility is usually remit of the municipal government of each city, regional or national governments are entrusted with ensuring good connectivity between cities and towns as well as international destinations. Thus, multiple units will have to get together and collaborate in order to cover the transportation‐related requirements of SSC. Ministry of Public Security The Ministry of Public Security (MPS) is the principal police and security authority, as well as the government agency that exercises oversight and is ultimately responsible for day‐to‐day law enforcement. The Ministry operates the system of Public Security Bureaus, which are broadly the equivalent of police forces or police stations. The MPS must work transversally to ensure the safety and security of the cities, as well as emergency responses that rely on the wide usage of ICTs. Adapted from the author's analysis and reviewed contributions. 4.3 City services companies Among the companies that provide services for the SSC, it is possible to identify two main groups. The first are the traditional providers of city services, such as water management, waste collection or transportation, which should add new functionalities to become more efficient and smart. This first group is usually contracted by the municipality. The second group are the new companies that specialize in SSC and provide new services derived from SSC such as (but not limited to) mobile applications, sensor deployment or software for fleet management. The companies in this second group, depending on the services they offer, can either be contracted by the municipality or offer