110 ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications Ref. No. Category Definitions/Features Key concept/ Keywords Source 109 Corporate IBM Smarter Cities Initiative: (i) is a long term process aiming to transform city based technologies and, in the process, help cities achieve their strategic vision. (ii) recognizes that the needs and aspirations of each city may be very different. (iii) requires partnerships (across many clients and with other delivery partners) to achieve the desired large scale transformations. (iv) is based heavily on dimensions from IBM's global Smarter Planet strategy of which there are many applications (smart education systems, cloud computing, risk assessments, ICT based platform for exchange of ideas etc.). Vision, solutions, design, management, business, education, ICT, technology. Paroutis. S., Bennett, Heracleous, L. (2012) 110 Academic \"The basic concept of the Smart Cities initiative can be expressed as follows: the Smart Cities initiative seeks to improve urban performance by using data, information and IT to provide more efficient services to citizens to monitor and optimize existing infrastructure, to increase collaboration between economic actors and to encourage innovative business models in both public and private sectors.\" Urban, ICT, innovation, people, economy, business, public, information, management, services. Llacuna, M. L. M. Llinas, J. C., Frigola, J. M. (2014) 111 Academic Five successful factors for a smart city: (i) broadband connectivity. (ii) knowledge workforce. (iii) digital inclusion. (iv) innovation. (v) marketing. (vi) advocacy. ICT, education, technology, innovation, business, communication. Kramers, A., Hojer, M., Lovehagen, N., Wangel, J. (2014)