ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications 109 Ref. No. Category Definitions/Features Key concept/ Keywords Source 108 Academic Findings denote that smart cities should include the following dimensions: (i) Urban openness: making information visually available, participatory services to drive civic engagement. (ii) Service innovation: using ICTs to drive development in health, welfare, education, transportation, sectors, etc. (iii) Partnership formation: partnerships for building effective smart cities (central government, state government, private bodies, NGO involvement), direct vs indirect involvement, contracted/outsourcing development. (iv) Smart city integration: smart service access over multiple device platforms, app‐based formatting of service information. (v) Smart city governance: Smart city teams involved with strategy, policy, and infrastructure and include ICT‐based performance evaluation and feedback channels. Accessible, participatory, ICT, governance and administration, investments, transport, business, health security and safety, urban, design, innovation. Lee, J. H. Hancock, M. G., Hu, M. (2012)