ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications 103 Ref. No. Category Definitions/Features Key concept/ Keywords Source 92 Non‐profit A city \"combining ICT and Web 2.0 technology with other organizational, design and planning efforts to de‐materialize and speed up bureaucratic processes and help to identify new, innovative solutions to city management complexity, in order to improve sustainability and liveability.\" ICT, web 2.0, bureaucratic efficiency, city management, innovative solutions, sustainability, liveability, standard of living. Toppeta (2010) 93 Conference What makes a city smart? A non‐vendor driven definition of a 'Smart Sustainable City' The closer a city behaves to the ethos of the Internet, the smarter it is. That means the city is a platform – an enabler for the people. So, empowering people is at the centre of the perfect storm. So, what does a smart sustainable city look like? A city can be defined as smart when investments in human and social capital and traditional (ex‐transport) and modern (ex‐ICT) communications infrastructure fuel sustainable economic development and a high quality of life with a wise management of natural resources through participatory governance. People enabler, human capital, social capital, traditional communication, modern communication, ICT, economic development, quality of life, natural resource management, participatory governance. Jaokar (2012)