ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications 17 technology and infrastructure sustainability governance economy Each of these attributes and their components are described below: Table 2 – Categories and components of the city level services dimension Technology and infrastructure Sustainability Transportation Buildings Fire and emergency response Health care Urban planning Safety and security Education Environmental and natural hazards Water: consumption, leakage CO2: emissions, reduction Air Quality: NO, SO, particulates Waste: solid, water, land use Policies: recycling, reduction Energy: consumption, intensity Governance Economy Organization Law and justice Resilience Leadership Commitment Environmental regulation Economic strength Human capital Institutional effectiveness Financial maturity Physical (financial) capital Production/resourcing It can be observed that some of the attributes for this dimension are common to those discussed in the “environment and sustainability dimension”; however, while there are overlapping components, the lens through which they are viewed differ. For one, the environment and sustainability dimension views these shared attributes as the backdrop of a functional smart sustainability city, while the city level service dimension focuses on the operational aspect of these shared attributes and thus form corresponding strategies that would ensure and provide quality services. 2.3 Quality of life Quality of life (QoL) is a recurrent theme in understanding the nature and operation of a city and a key dimension since it reflects how citizens or inhabitants of a city perceive their own sense of well‐being. People are constantly striving to better themselves across many facets of their lives. The trend of rapid urbanization is reflected here because of the migration to urban areas in search of better employment and hopefully improved living conditions. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines quality of life as an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. It is a broad ranging concept affected in a complex way by the person's physical health, psychological state, personal beliefs, social relationships and their relationship to salient features of their environment.20 ____________________ 20 http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/whoqol‐qualityoflife/en/