16 ITU‐T's Technical Reports and Specifications Table 1 (end) Pollution and waste Waste Air Water Noise Waste Management Wastewater treatment Urban particulates and air quality Indoor air pollution Local ozone Regional ozone NOx and SOx Drinking water Water quality index Water stress Water management Noise pollution Social, economy and health Social services Citizen satisfaction Education Culture and recreation Social inclusion Demographics (aging) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Employment Financial resilience Adequate sanitation Disease control and mitigation Citizen health services The categories and components reflected in Table 1 evidence that the environment and sustainability dimension is pivotal to the operations of cities. At the same time, these components can be used as the basis to design indicators and methods to assess the city's performance in this field. The development of key performance indicators for SSC is the focus of one of the Technical Reports produced by FG‐SSC14. Furthermore, based on Table 1, it is clear that a wide variety of different attributes representing different aspects related to a city contribute to this dimension. These can be summarized as policy, infrastructure, management, climate change and CO2 emissions, energy, pollution: water, air, waste, noise and their implications on the social, health and economic well‐being. 2.2 City level services The second dimension of a city is its services and how they characterize a functional urban environment. Various studies 15 16 17 18 19 suggest the following attributes for this dimension: ____________________ 14 http://www.itu.int/en/ITU‐T/focusgroups/ssc/Pages/default.aspx 15 http://www.cityindicators.org/Deliverables/Indicators%20revised%20‐core%20and%20supporting_ 8‐31‐2009‐1743191.pdf 16 UN (2011), The Global Compact Cities Programme – http://citiesprogramme.com 17 Circles of Sustainability: http://citiesprogramme.com/wp‐content/uploads/2013/04/Urban‐Profile‐Process‐Tool‐V3.3‐web.pdf 18 Siemens websites include links to the Green city index reports. http://www.nwe.siemens.com/sweden/internet/se/Smartcity/Pages/Default.aspx http://www.siemens.com/entry/cc/en/urbanization.htm?stc=wwccc020805 19 http://www.citigroup.com/citi/citiforcities/home_ articles/n_ eiu.htm; http://www.citigroup.com/citi/citiforcities/pdfs/eiu_ hotspots_ 2012.pdf