Acknowledgements This Technical Report was researched and principally authored by Professor Sekhar N. Kondepudi from the National University of Singapore (NUS). The author would like to first thank ITU for providing such an exciting opportunity to work and research under the ITU‐T Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities (FG‐SSC). Vinod Ramanarayanan, Alok Jain, Guru Nandan Singh, Nitin Agarwal NK, Rahul Kumar and Rahul Singh (National University of Singapore), Pernilla Bergmark (Ericsson), Takafumi Hashitani (Fujitsu), Paolo Gemma (Huawei), Ziqin Sang (Fiberhome Technologies), Daniela Torres (Telefonica), Mythili Menon (University of Geneva), Angelica V. Ospina (University of Manchester) and Chris Ip (University of Toronto) provided inputs for this Technical Report. The author also acknowledges the guidance and support from all the members of the ITU‐T FG‐SSC Management Team, and especially, Paolo Gemma (Huawei and FG‐SSC Working Group 2 Coordinator). Additional information and materials relating to this Technical Report can be found at: www.itu.int/itu‐t/climatechange. If you would like to provide any additional information, please contact Cristina Bueti (ITU) at tsbsg5@itu.int.