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Guide for NRAs on International Mobile Roaming Cost analysis – Technical Paper

Figure 6 – Main cost centres and underlying cost elements

International roaming involves the following cost centres which are
extensions of the existing domestic network’s operational systems:-

IOTs
Operational - Wholesale
Major business processes roaming call agreements
cost
centres for roaming and their between each MNO & FNO
support systems for origination, carriage
& termination

Cost
elements
Business Support
Network Network Business Support
Services Opex
Equipment Capex Equipment & NOC Services Capex (Processes operation,
(Gateways, VLR, Opex (Billing &
S/w licences,
mediation, cabling, (Salaries, customer care Salaries, Maintenance,
NOC etc, Maintenance, Software & h/w,
procure/extend) Site rents, etc) Data centre) Data centre
overheads, etc)
SCF
MNO= Mobile Network Operator, FNO= Fixed Network Operator
VLR= Visiting Location Register, NOC =Network Operating Centre, & systems

The wholesale charges are a separate addition, as illustrated figuratively above and although in theory
dependent on actual costs, too often have been seen as arbitrary in magnitude.

4.1.4 Gathering data required by use of questionnaire

A questionnaire that provides the inputs for the cost model will be provided, to guide NRAs and MNOs in
gathering the data required to populate the cost model (model form in Annex 3).

4.2 Mechanisms for calculation – Business process analysis

As mentioned earlier, the mechanism for cost estimation depends on business process analysis (BPA)
drawn from the various common situations for roaming. To obtain the functional requirements for
roaming, these business processes can in turn be defined and constructed by the common use cases, i.e.
the everyday ways in which subscribers use their mobile services, which are employed to define the
chain of MNO business processes involved in handling a call.

Figure 7 – Business areas (such as networking) depend for their operation on business processes
(such as call handling) which can be defined through their use cases

Business Areas
Depend on
Business processes
Define
Use Cases
SCF

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