23 RESOLUTION PLEN/5 (DUBAI, 2012) International telecommunication service traffic termination and exchange The World Conference on International Telecommunications (Dubai, 2012), considering a) that the transition from dedicated phone and data networks to converged IP-based networks raises regulatory, technical and economic issues which need to be taken into consideration; b) that many Member States have expressed a need for the initiation and implementation of commercial agreements between authorized operating agencies and service providers of international services, with the objective of empowering all the participants in the new value chain, noting a) that some Member States are observing a deterioration in the quality of international services and voice traffic; b) that Study Group 3 of the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is mandated to study the development of Recommendations, resolutions and guidelines related to these issues; c) that there is a need for broader understanding of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms arising out of commercial arrangements; d) that some Member States have concerns for the prevention and mitigation of fraud in international telecommunications, resolves to invite concerned Members States to collaborate so that: i) each party in a negotiation or agreement related to or arising out of international connectivity matters can seek the support of relevant authorities of the other party’s State in alternative dispute resolution; ii) their regulatory frameworks promote the establishment of commercial agreements between authorized operating agencies and the providers of international services in alignment with principles of fair competition and innovation, instructs the Director of the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau to take necessary action in order that ITU-T Study Group 3 study recent developments and practices with regard to the termination and exchange of international telecommunication traffic under commercial agreements, so as to develop a Recommendation, if appropriate, and guidelines for concerned Member States, for the use of providers of international telecommunication services in regard to issues they consider relevant, such as: i) conditions for the establishment of invoices ii) conditions for sending invoices