16 RESOLUTION PLEN/1 (DUBAI, 2012) Special measures for landlocked developing countries and small island developing states for access to international optical fibre networks The World Conference on International Telecommunications (Dubai, 2012), considering a) Resolution 65/172 of 20 December 2010 of the United Nations General Assembly, on specific actions related to the particular needs and problems of landlocked developing countries (LLDCs); b) Resolution 30 (Rev. Guadalajara, 2010) of the Plenipotentiary Conference, on special measures for the least developed countries (LDCs), small island developing states (SIDS), LLDCs and countries with economies in transition; c) the Millennium Declaration and the 2005 World Summit Outcome; d) the outcome of the Geneva (2003) and Tunis (2005) phases of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS); e) the Almaty Declaration and Almaty Programme of Action addressing the special needs of LLDCs within a new global framework for transit transport cooperation for landlocked and transit developing countries, recalling a) the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), which is an initiative intended to boost economic cooperation and development at regional level, given that many landlocked and transit developing countries are in Africa; b) the Declarations of the ministers of communications of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) and the Roadmap for South American connectivity for integration of the Telecommunications Working Group of the South American Infrastructure and Planning Council (COSIPLAN); c) Mandate No. 7 arising from the sixth Summit of the Americas, held in Cartagena, Colombia, on 14-15 April, 2012, in which the Heads of State and Government of the Americas resolved “To foster increased connection of telecommunication networks in general, including fibre-optic and broadband, among the region’s countries, as well as international connections, to improve connectivity, increase the dynamism of communications between the nations of the Americas, as well as reduce international data transmission costs, and, thus, promote access, connectivity, and convergent services to all social sectors in the Americas”, reaffirming a) the right of access of landlocked countries to the sea and freedom of transit through the territory of transit countries by all means of transport, in accordance with applicable rules of international law;