18 “Pocketful of Multipliers (II): Options for Stimulus Packages”, available at: http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2008/10/pocketfull_of_m.html 19 “Pocketful of Multipliers (II): Options for Stimulus Packages”, available at: http://www.econbrowser.com/archives/2008/10/pocketfull_of_m.html 20 “Tax Cuts Won’t Create Jobs”, US Economic Policy Institute, Lawrence Mishel, 10 July 2009, available at: http://www.epi.org/analysis_and_ opinion/entry/tax_cuts_wont_create_jobs/ 21 “Tax Cuts Won’t Create Jobs”, US Economic Policy Institute, Lawrence Mishel, 10 July 2009, available at: http://www.epi.org/analysis_and_ opinion/entry/tax_cuts_wont_create_jobs/ 22 “Did the 2008 Tax Rebates Stimulate Spending?”, Matthew D. Shapiro and Joel Slemrod, University of Michigan and NBER, 27 December 2008, at: http://www.aeaweb.org/annual_mtg_papers/2009/retrieve.php?pdfi d=294 23 Fireside Chat, 14 April 1938, Franklin D. Roosevelt, available at pages 116 and 117 at: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HPYWKPEZIaUC& pg=PA116&lpg=PA116&dq=Roosevelt%2Bcreate+an+economic+upturn&source=bl&ots=CwUUrxBigp&sig=h5NkMARJP5LzoM8jFR10w_3S MvA&hl=fr&ei=8W5xSoWQEpWMsAbxouSfDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 24 “Global economic crisis - Fully Spend Stimulus Money to Back Crisis Recovery”, IMF Survey online, 26 June 2009, available at: http://www.imf. org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2009/POL062609A.htm. 25 http://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2009/03/hoisted-from-comments-is-europe-doing.html 26 “Europe rejects extra stimulus appeal”, Financial Times, 9 March 2009 available at: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/cbc200e6-0cda-11de-a555- 0000779fd2ac.html?nclick_check=1 27 “The Role of Communication Infrastructure Investment in Economic Recovery”, OECD, Paris, 11-13 March 2009. 28 “Telecommunications Infrastructure and Economic Development: A Simultaneous Approach”, Roller & Waverman (1996), WZB Discussion Paper, available at: http://skylla.wz-berlin.de/pdf/1996/iv96-16.pdf 29 “Synchronized Recession, Synchronized Stimulus?”, Menzie Chinn, 25 November 2008, available at: http://www.econbrowser.com/ archives/2008/11/synchronized_re.html 30 “The case for a National Broadband Policy”, R. Atkinson (2007). Information Technology & Innovation Foundation, 15 June 2007 available at: http://www.itif.org/fi les/casefornationalbroadbandpolicy.pdf 31 “Churches, mosques say broadband is about “economic justice”, 15 July 2009, available at: http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2009/07/ churches-mosques-say-broadband-is-about-economic-justice.ars 32 “Synchronized Recession, Synchronized Stimulus?”, Menzie Chinn, 25 November 2008, available at: http://www.econbrowser.com/ archives/2008/11/synchronized_re.html 33 “Economic Value of the Advertising-Supported Internet Ecosystem”, published 10 June 2009, available at: http://www.iab.net/economicvalue. See also http://www.iab.net/about_the_iab/recent_press_releases/press_release_archive/press_release/pr-061009-value 34 “Nigeria- Telecom operators call for government intervention”, available at: http://www.itnewsafrica.com/?p=3009 35 “Digital Highways: The Role of Government in 21st Century Infrastructure”, Booz & Company (2009). 36 White paper by the US National Cable & Telecommunications Association (NCTA) on 17 March 2009 entitled “Moving the Needle on Broadband Stimulus Strategies to Spur Adoption and Extend Access Across America”. 37 P.9, Broadband Adoption Index paper, 2009, at: http://www.phoenix-center.org/pcpp/PCPP36Final.pdf 38 “How Many Broadband Providers are Enough?“ Bernie Arnason, 5 August 2009, available at: http://www.telecompetitor.com/how-many-broadband- providers-ar-enough/ Confronting the Crisis: ICT Stimulus Plans for Economic Growth 87