RES646 – 362 – i) that some commercial terrestrial and satellite systems are complementing the dedicated systems in support of PPDR, and that the use of commercial solutions will be in response to technology development and market demands; j) that administrations may have different operational needs and spectrum requirements for PPDR applications depending on the circumstances; k) that an approach based on global and/or regional frequency ranges1 may enable administrations to benefit from harmonization while continuing to meet national planning requirements, recognizing a) the benefits of spectrum harmonization such as: – increased potential for interoperability; – clear guidance for standardization; – increased volume of equipment resulting in economies of scale, more cost-efficient equipment and expanded equipment availability; – improved spectrum management and planning; – more effective international aid during disasters and major events; and – enhanced cross-border coordination and circulation of equipment; b) that the organizational distinction between public protection activities and disaster relief activities are matters for administrations to determine at the national level; c) that national spectrum planning for PPDR needs to have regard to cooperation and bilateral consultation with other concerned administrations, which should be facilitated by greater levels of spectrum harmonization; d) that the Tampere Convention on the Provision of Telecommunications Resources for Disaster Mitigation and Relief Operations (Tampere, 1998), an international treaty deposited with the United Nations Secretary-General and related United Nations General Assembly resolutions and reports are also relevant in this regard; e) that Resolution 36 (Rev. Guadalajara, 2010) of the Plenipotentiary Conference urges Member States Parties to the Tampere Convention to take all practical steps for the application of the Tampere Convention and to work closely with the operational coordinator as provided for therein; _______________ 1 In the context of this Resolution, the term “frequency range” means a range of frequencies over which radio equipment is envisaged to be capable of operating but limited to specific frequency band(s) according to national conditions and requirements.