RES160 – 262 – e) that the existing HAPS identifications were established without reference to today’s broadband capabilities; f) that Recommendation 34 (Rev.WRC-12) noted that the development of common worldwide allocations is desirable in order to improve and harmonize utilization of the radio-frequency spectrum; g) that, since WRC-12, the evolution of technology through advances in solar panel efficiency, battery energy density, lightweight composite materials, autonomous avionics and antenna technology may improve HAPS viability; h) that the allotments of the Appendix 30B Plan, assignments in the Plans and the List subject to Appendix 30 and 30A and assignments in the Appendix 30B List shall be protected, resolves to invite ITU-R 1 to study additional spectrum needs for gateway and fixed terminal links for HAPS to provide broadband connectivity in the fixed service taking into account: – the existing identifications and deployments of HAPS systems; – the deployment scenarios envisioned for HAPS broadband systems and related requirements such as in remote areas; – the technical and operational characteristics of HAPS systems, including the evolution of HAPS through advances in technology and spectrally-efficient techniques, and their deployment; 2 to study the suitability of using the existing identifications in recognizing c), on a global or regional level, taking into account the regulatory provisions, such as geographical and technical restrictions associated with existing HAPS identifications based on the study performed in resolves to invite ITU-R 1; 3 to study appropriate modifications to the existing footnotes and associated resolutions in the identifications in recognizing c) in order to facilitate the use of HAPS links on a global or regional level, limited to the currently identified frequency bands and, where the use of an identification is not technically feasible for HAPS use, the possible removal of the unsuitable identification; 4 to study, in order to meet any spectrum needs which could not be satisfied under resolves to invite ITU-R 2 and 3, for the use of gateway and fixed terminal links for HAPS, the following frequency bands already allocated to the fixed service on a primary basis, not subject to Appendices 30, 30A, and 30B in any region: – on a global level: 38-39.5 GHz, and – on a regional level: in Region 2, 21.4-22 GHz and 24.25-27.5 GHz,