RES140 – 229 – MOD RESOLUTION 140 (REV.WRC-15) Measures and studies associated with the equivalent power flux-density (epfd) limits in the frequency band 19.7-20.2 GHz The World Radiocommunication Conference (Geneva, 2015), considering a) that, after several years of study, WRC-2000 adopted epfd limits in a number of frequency bands to give practical effect to No. 22.2, in order to facilitate non-geostationary-orbit (non-GSO) systems in the fixed-satellite service (FSS) systems to operate while still ensuring protection of GSO FSS networks from unacceptable interference; b) that in Resolution 76 (WRC-2000), WRC-2000 also adopted aggregate epfd limits in the same frequency bands for the protection of GSO FSS systems; c) that a small number of systems based on constellations of satellites in highly elliptical orbits (HEOs), in certain FSS bands, have been operating for many years; d) that since the late 1990s, especially after WRC-2000, there has been a growing interest in HEOs in a number of frequency bands and for several space services, predominantly in the FSS allocations below 30 GHz; e) that ITU-R studies reported to WRC-03 considered HEO systems to be a sub-category of non-GSO systems and characterized their operational features; f) that in the period between WRC-2000 and WRC-03, ITU-R developed Recommendations concerning frequency sharing between HEO FSS systems and other systems, including GSO, low Earth orbit (LEO), medium Earth orbit (MEO) and HEO systems; g) that certain types of HEO system would have difficulty in meeting the long-term portion of epfd limits in force in the frequency band 19.7-20.2 GHz, noting a) that, in the long-term portion, the epfd limits in the frequency band 19.7-20.2 GHz are considerably more stringent than those in the 17.8-18.6 GHz frequency band; b) that Nos. 9.7A and 9.7B apply in this frequency band; c) that the frequency band 19.7-20.2 GHz is one of the few bands identified by WRC-03 on a global basis for high-density applications in the fixed-satellite service; d) Recommendation ITU-R S.1715 “Guidelines developed in response to the studies requested in Resolution 140 (WRC-03)”,