Trends in Telecommunication Reform 2010-11 40 Eleanor M. Fox, Antitrust, Economic Development and Poverty: The Other Path, in UNCTAD, The effects of anti-competitive business practices on developing countries and their development prospects, 2008, p. 184. 41 See Article 55 of the COMESA Treaty (1994). 42 See Article 88 of the UEMOA Treaty (Jan. 2003 Amendment), and Directive Nº 02/2002/CM/UEMOA relative a la coopération entre la Commission et les structures nationales de concurrence des États members pour l’application des articles 88, 89 et 90 du Traité de L’UEMOA. 43 Protocol Amending the Treaty Establishing the Caribbean Community – Protocol VIII Competition Policy, Consumer Protection, Dumping and Subsides, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis, 13-14 March 2000. 44 See Decisión 608 of the Andean Community (March 2005). 45 See Decisión nº 18/96, protocolo de defensa de la competencia and Decisión 02/97, Anexo al Protocolo de Defensa de la Com-petencia. 46 Bahrain TRA, Competition Guidelines, MCD/02/10/019 (18 February 2010) at www.tra.org.bh/en/pdf/CompetitionGuidelines.pdf. 47 See U.S. Federal Trade Commission, Statement of the Commission Concerning Google/AdMob, FTC File No. 101-0031, 21 May 2010. Available www.ftc.gov/os/closings/100521google-admobstmt.pdf. 48 OECD, ICTs: The Environment and Climate Change at www.oecd.org/sti/ict/green-ict. 49 ITU Background Report, ITU Symposium on ICTs and Climate Change, Quito, Ecuador (8-10 July 2009) at www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/oth/06/0F/T060F00600C0004PDFE.pdf. 50 UNEP defines this electronic waste, or e-waste, as “any electrically powered appliance that fails to satisfy the current owner for its originally intended purpose.” UNEP, e-Waste Management: What is e-waste? at www.unep.fr/scp/waste/ewm/faq.htm. 51 For an in-depth analysis of the roles that ICTs play in reducing, as well as contributing to, climate, please reference Stephen Young, , ICTs, Climate Change and Regulation, GSR-10 Discussion Paper (2010). 52 ICTs and Climate Change, ITU-T Technology Watch Report 3 (December 2007). 53 ITU Background Report, ITU Symposium on ICTs and Climate Change. 54 ITU Background Report, ITU Symposium on ICTs and Climate Change. 55 ITU, ICTs for e-Environment: Guidelines for Developing Countries, with a Focus on Climate Change, ICT Applications and Cyberse-curity Division Policies and Strategies Department, Final Report (2008) at www.itu.int/ITU-D/cyb/app/docs/itu-icts-for-e-environment.pdf. 56 ITU, ICTs for e-Environment: Guidelines for Developing Countries, with a Focus on Climate Change. 57 ITU, ICTs for e-Environment: Guidelines for Developing Countries, with a Focus on Climate Change. 58 O. Osibanjo, The Challenge of Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Management in Developing Countries, Waste Management & Re-search, Vol. 25, No. 6, 489-501 (2007). 59 Tom Zeller, A Program to Certify Electronic Waste Recycling Rivals an Industry-U.S. Plan, N.Y. Times (14 April 2010) at www.nytimes.com/2010/04/15/business/energy-environment/15ewaste.htm. 60 UNEP, Recycling—From E-Waste to Resources (July 2009) at http://isp.unu.edu/news_events/news/2010/files/UNEP_eW2R_publication.pdf. 61 Id. See also Hazardous E-Waste Surging in Developing Countries, Science Daily (23 February 2010) at www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/02/100222081911.htm. 62 Sweden, Ministry of Sustainable Development, Ordinance on producer responsibility for electrical and electronic products (14 April 2005) at www.regeringen.se/content/1/c6/04/70/12/c88be157.pdf. 116 Chapter 3