Trends in Telecommunication Reform 2010-11 1 Yongsoo Kim, Tim Kelly and Siddhartha Raja, Building Broadband: Strategies and Policies for the Developing World, Global In-formation and Communication Technologies (GICT) Department, World Bank, January 2010 at www.infodev.org/en/Article.454.html. 2 Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação, Análise dos Resultados da TIC Domicílios, Gráfico 8, 2009, p. 14. The total percentage of respondents is more than 100 because some respondents provided more than one reason for non-adoption. 3 FCC, Broadband Adoption and Use in America, November 2009, p. 30. The total percentage of respondents is less than 100 be-cause, for purposes of comparison, not all factors addressed in the study are included in this figure. 4 Morgan Stanley indicates that iPhone and iPod Touch users reached nearly 57 million by the ninth quarter since launch in June 2007, while AOL subscribers were at nearly 7 million by the same time after launch in September 1994. See Morgan Stanley, The Mobile Internet Report, 15 December 2009, p. 24. 5 ITU, World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database. 6 ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database, Mobile cellular subscriptions. 7 ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database, Mobile cellular subscriptions. 8 ITU, World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report 2010, Monitoring the WSIS Targets, A mid-term review, May 2010, p. 202. 9 See, e.g., ITU, The digital dividend: Opportunities and challenges, ITU News (January-February 2010) at www.itu.int/net/itunews/issues/2010/01/27.aspx and Björn Wellenius and Isabel Neto, Managing the Radio Spectrum: Frame-work for Reform in Developing Countries, (June 2007) at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTINFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONANDTECHNOLOGIES/Resources/Wellenius- Neto.pdf. 10 YouTube reaches 2 bln views per day on 5th anniversary, 18 May 2010, www.telecompaper.com/news/article.aspx?cid=735195. According to YouTube, the average user spends 15 minutes a day on the website; 24 hours of video are uploaded to YouTube every minute; and 45 million daily homepage impressions. 11 Telegeography Research, January 2010. 12 EC, Europe’s Digital Competitiveness Report, Vol. I, p. 22. 13 The European Commission (EC) has called sites such as Google, Facebook, YouTube, Microsoft Live.com, Wikipedia, eBay23 and Amazon “global internet utilities” because they are so widely used in the world. See EC, Europe’s Digital Competitiveness Report, Vol. I, 17 May 2010, p. 22. 14 See infoDev/ITU, ICT Regulation Toolkit at www.ictregulationtoolkit.org/en/Section.1678.html. 15 Ibid. 16 See Next Generation Connectivity: A review of broadband Internet transitions and policy from around the world, The Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University (February 2010) at http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/publications/2010/Next_Generation_Connectivity and Dr. Tracy Cohen and Russell Southwood, Extending Open Access to National Fibre Backbones in Developing Countries, GSR08: Six Degrees of Sharing, Discussion Paper (November 2008) at www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg/Events/Seminars/GSR/GSR08/papers.html. 17 See ITU/infoDev, ICT Regulation Toolkit, Module 6.6.5: Competition and Sharing at www.ictregulationtoolkit.org/en/Section.3486.html. 18 FCC, National Broadband Plan, p. 41. 19 Cisco has estimated that smartphones such as the iPhone can generate 30 times more data traffic than a basic feature phone, and that a laptop can generate many times the traffic of a smartphone. See FCC, National Broadband Plan, p. 77. 114 Chapter 3