Trends in Telecommunication Reform 2010-11 Box 3.4: Market shares of smartphone sales to end users by OS, 2009 In 2009, Symbian continued to lead the smartphone OS market, but its share dropped 5.4 per cent duet to competition from companies like RIM and Apple and weakness in Nokia’s smartphone sales. The best performers in 2009 were Android (Google) and iPhone OS (Apple). Android increased its market share by 3.5 per cent in 2009, while Apple's share grew by 6.2 per cent from 2008, which moved it to the third position, displacing Microsoft Windows Mobile. Android 3.9% WebOS 0.7% Other Oss Other Oss 2.9% Android 0.5% Linux 4.7% Linux 7.6% Microsoft Windows Mobile 8.7% 0.6% Microsoft Windows Mobile 11.8% Symbian 47.0% Symbian 52.4% iPhone OS iPhone OS 8.2% 14.4% Research In Motion 19.9% Research In Motion 16.6% 2008 2009 Android smartphones are expected to become the second-largest platform, after Symbian, by the end of 2010. Android’s stellar performance, surging from 0.5 per cent market share to a projected 22.2 per cent in just two years, illustrates the highly competitive nature of this nascent ICT market. Source: Gartner, www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1306513 and www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1434613. 3.4.1 ICTs and the Environment new approaches to ICT policies and regulation in order to capitalize on the ways that ICTs can facilitate better environmental stewardship, while minimizing the nega-tive Countries at all stages of development face envi-ronmental impact of ICTs on the environment. problems related to climate change, pollu-tion, energy and decreases in biodiversity. ICTs can help 3.4.1.1 ICTs and climate change51 to address climate change issues across the economy, particularly in the energy, construction and transporta-tion sectors; ICTs can also improve water management ICTs are a necessary part of monitoring the effects techniques, protect biodiversity and reduce pollution.48 ICTs impact the environment in positive ways, such as by allowing online delivery of information, telecommut-ing of climate change.52 They are also essential for the monitoring systems of weather forecasting and climate observation, as well as for predicting, detecting and mi-tigating the effects of natural disasters.53 Furthermore, and video conferencing. ICTs provide important remote sensing capabilities for climate and weather monitoring.54 The data provided by ICTs are then used for computer modeling to show the effects of climate change on the environment. These data can also be processed through grid compu-ting, Despite the many ways in which ICTs can reduce the impact of human activity on the environment, ICTs also contribute to global greenhouse gas emissions and the production of electronic waste (“e-waste”). For ex-ample, the rise of broadband-enabled devices using which relies on broadband networks to connect “always on” connections and increased processing ca-pabilities scientists and allows them to draw on data resources distributed around the world.55 Grid computing pro-vides will require greater amounts of energy in or-der to power these devices. 49 The rapid pace of small and remote research institutions with access to the newest environmental data and also en-courages innovation and technological change has resulted in more frequent replacement of electronic devices, which has created enormous amounts of e-waste as mobile phones, computers and other devices are quick-ly discarded and replaced with newer devices.50 Policy-makers networking and virtual collaboration. 56 As shown in Box 3.5, ICTs can also help to reduce green-house gas (GHG) emissions and contribute to positive environmental change in a variety of ways.57 around the world are increasingly examining 96 Chapter 3