List of acronyms App Application CA Communications Authority CAK Competition Authority of Kenya CBK Central Bank of Kenya CCK Communications Commission of Kenya DSA Dynamic Spectrum Access DRM Digital Rights Management EEG Electroencephalography EU European Union GDP Gross Domestic Product GNI Gross National Income GPS Global Positioning System GSMA GSM Association HIV/AIDS Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome ICT Information and communication technology IDA Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore IP Internet Protocol ITU International Telecommunication Union IPR Intellectual Property Rights IFI International Financial Institution MDG Millennium Development Goal M-services Mobile services MNO Mobile Network Operator OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development SDG Sustainable Development Goals SMS Short Messaging Service TV Television TVWS Television White Spaces UHF Ultra High Frequency UN United Nations UNFPA United Nations Population Fund VHF Very High Frequency WiFI Wireless Local Area Network WHO World Health Organisation WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization 3G,4G Third generation, Fourth Generation Trends in Telecommunication Reform 2016 145 Chapter 5