1 John Greenough, The 'Internet of Things' will be the world's most massive device market and save companies billions of dollars, Business Insider (Feb. 18, 2015), http://www.businessinsider.com/the-internet-of-things-market-growth-and-trends-2015-2#ixzz3WBO0CLrW.2 IDC, Press Release: IDC Reveals Worldwide Internet of Things Predictions for 2015, Dec. 3, 2014, http://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS25291514.3 Berkman Center for Internet & Society, Interoperability Case Studies, https://cyber.law.harvard.edu/node/92249.4 Justin Reich, The Role of Humans in Blended Learning, May 26, 2014, http://www.edtechresearcher.com/2014/05/the_ role_ of_ humans_ in_ blended_ learning/.5 Directive 2014/53/EU of The European Parliament And of The Council, 2014 O.J. (L. 153/62), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32014L0053&from=EN.6 Marcus Wohlsen, Forget Apple Pay. The Master of Mobile Payments is Starbucks, Wired, Nov. 3, 2014, http://www.wired.com/2014/11/forget-apple-pay-master-mobile-payments-starbucks/.7 Charles Arthur, How Many Google Wallet Users Are There? Google won’t say - but we can, The Guardian, Sept. 25, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/sep/25/google-wallet-apple-pay-nfc.8 Josh Constine, CurrentC is the Big Retailers’ Clunky Attempt to Kill Apple Pay and Credit Card Fees, Tech Crunch, Oct. 25, 2014, http://techcrunch.com/2014/10/25/currentc/.9 Catherin Shu, Line Pay, the Messaging App’s Mobile Payments Service Will Make Its Global Debut Soon, Tech Crunch, Dec. 4, 2014, http://techcrunch.com/2014/12/04/line-pay-the-messaging-apps-mobile-payments-service-makes-its-debut/.10 Daisuke Wakabayashi, Apple CEO Tim Cook Happy With New Apple Pay Service, WSJ, Oct. 28, 2014, http://www.wsj.com/articles/apple-ceo-tim-cook-happy-with-new-apple-pay-service-1414474181 11 Anthony Ha, Apple Pay Now Accepted In Nearly 700k Locations, Tech Crunch, Mar. 9, 2015, http://techcrunch.com/2015/03/09/apple-pay-stats/#rU8Np5:AqOz 12 For more information on NFC, please see Daniel Howley, What is NFC, and Why Does It Matter For The iPhone 6?, Yahoo! Tech, Sept. 3, 2014, https://www.yahoo.com/tech/what-is-nfc-and-why-does-it-matter-for-the-iphone-6-96456683964.html.13 Jason Del Rey, Why You Can’t Use Apple Pay at CVS, Walmart and Other Retail Stores, Re/Code, Oct. 28, 2014, http://recode.net/2014/10/28/why-you-cant-use-apple-pay-at-cvs-walmart-and-other-retail-stores/.14 Bob Sullivan, How Tokenization May Change The Way You Pay, CNBC, Dec. 14, 2014, http://www.cnbc.com/id/102264704.15 National Retail Federation, Swipe Fees, https://nrf.com/advocacy/policy-agenda/swipe-fees.16 Tom Gara, October 2015: The End of the Swipe-and-Sign Credit Card, Wall Street Journal, Feb. 6, 2014, http://blogs.wsj.com/corporate-intelligence/2014/02/06/october-2015-the-end-of-the-swipe-and-sign-credit-card/.17 Tony Bradley, Blocking Apple Pay is a Terrible Strategy For CurrentC Merchants, Forbes, Oct. 29, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/tonybradley/2014/10/29/blocking-apple-pay-is-a-terrible-strategy-for-currentc-merchants/.18 Tina Amirtha, Google’s Secret Weapon in the Battle for the Internet of Things: Academia, Fast Company, Feb. 10, 2015, http://www.fastcompany.com/3041698/googles-secret-weapon-in-the-battle-for-the-internet-of-things-academia.19 ITU, Internet of Things Global Standards Initiative, http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/gsi/iot/Pages/default.aspx.20 See European Commission, Digital Single Market, http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/digital-single-market.21 European Commission, Commission Staff Working Document, A Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe – Analysis and Evidence (2015), at 59, http://ec.europa.eu/priorities/digital-single-market/docs/dsm-swd_ en.pdf.22 The Heartbleed Bug, http://heartbleed.com.23 Miriam Gottfried, HBO Now Spells Trouble for Pay TV’s Tomorrow, Wall Street Journal, Apr. 9, 2015, http://www.wsj.com/articles/hbo-now-spells-trouble-for-pay-tvs-tomorrow-heard-on-the-street-1428615881.Trends in Telecommunicaiton Reform 2016 121 Endnotes