• Introduce non-discriminatory, wholesale open access to broadband infrastructure.• Implement transparent procurement processes.Each of these elements is described in more detail in the following sections.1.4.1 Consideration of local market conditions Managing authorities generally accept the investment approaches and funding sources described in this chapter. As a result, managing authorities increasingly are focusing on how their broadband vision (as defined in their national broadband plans) can be implemented and adapted to local conditions. National broadband plans set out a vision for broadband connectivity and development of ICTs, detailing broadband coverage and speed targets and the actions needed to help achieve them. Local conditions and factors that are likely to affect these considerations include:• The development of the digital economy and Internet maturity: Internet maturity includes factors such as Internet take-up, availability of compelling local content, and development of e-government initiatives to connect schools, government offices and hospitals. It also includes implementing and enforcing cybersecurity regulations and improving ICT literacy. Economies that can demonstrate greater Internet maturity – or those that show they have plans in place to develop the Internet ecosystem – will drive Internet traffic growth. This, in turn, will encourage competitive investment in broadband infrastructure.• Political landscape and ownership structures: Managing authorities that retain whole or part ownership of incumbent operators are likely to be politicians’ favored recipients of Trends in Telecommunication Reform 2016 19 Chapter 1 Box 1.6: Key lessons: Qatar National Broadband Network (QNBN) • QNBN was granted a licence to offer wholesale services on an open, equal and non-discriminatory basis, along with a mandate to set appropriate national wholesale prices to enable downstream (retail) competition.• Government funding of fibre networks can be used to reduce the investment required from private operators, therefore attracting private sector interest in the network.• Re-using existing passive infrastructure may reduce civil infrastructure build costs, but dominant operators should be required to provide open access to their networks. • By continuing to roll out FTTH aggressively, alternative operators (in this case Ooredoo) might contribute to fulfilling the broadband vision in a different way than initially expected – in this case independently of QNBN.• This may mean putting the government intervention at risk and creating two separate fibre networks. This risk should be taken into account prior to initiating an intervention project. • Operators should be consulted in advance to understand their roll-out plans; doing so may avert the risk of duplicating fibre networks.• National broadband networks can be considered for sale to the private sector subject to regulatory approval and commercial due diligence. However, in this case, Vodafone's proposed deal might have run counter to the original remit of QNBN (which was to rent wholesale fibre capacity to both Vodafone Qatar and its rival Ooredoo) limiting competition.