List of tables, figures, charts and boxes Tables Table 1.1: Case studies covered in the chapter by type of investment strategy and region � 1 Table 1.2: Key characteristics of investment approaches � �8 Table 1.3: Selected examples of private DBOs � 9 Table 1.4: Selected examples of public outsourcing � 12 Table 1.5: Selected examples of JVs � �15 Table 1.6: Selected examples of public DBOs � 17 Table 1.7: Requirements for governments to foster and secure investment � 18 Table 1.8: An overview of investor categories and corresponding case studies � �21 Table 1.9: Types of financial innovations and related case studies � �30 Table 3.1: Overview of some key applications to-date � �76 Table 3.2: Overview of challenges and opportunities � 78 Table 3.3: Overview of policy and regulatory measures � 84 Table 3.4: Potential IoT regulatory measures � 91 Figures Figure 1.1: Summary of investment trends � x Figure 3.1: The Internet of Things, in a nutshell � �xii Figure 4.0: Overview Diagram of interop � xiv Figure 1.2: Telecommunication retail revenues by service type and total service revenue, worldwide � 3 Figure 1.3: FTTx capex by region to 2019 � 3 Figure 1.4: The number of operators by region that have launched or are planning LTE deployments � �4 Figure 1.5: The number of operators by region that have launched or are planning LTE-A deployments � 5 Figure 1.6: Wireless data traffic by type and public Wi-Fi share of that traffic, China, 2012–2019 � �5 Figure 1.7: Percentage change of selected currencies against the USD from January 2014 to March 2015 �35 Figure 1.8: Summary of investment trends � 38 Figure A1.1: Overview of competitive dialogue process �48 Figure 2.1: A cost-savings comparison of different types of sharing � 59 Figure 3.2: Smart cities � 72 Figure 3.3: Machine-to-machine (M2M) services � 73 Figure 3.4: Popular IoT uses � �75 Figure 3.5: Intel's Intelligent Systems Framework � 81 Figure 3.6: IoT spectrum � 86 Figure 4.1: Diagram of interop layers � 100 Figure 4.2: Diagram of mobile payment processing and various actors � 102 Figure 4.3: Apple patent diagram showing various components of Apple Pay system � 103 Figure 4.4: Screen capture of instructions for adding payment information to CurrentC account � �104 Figure 4.5: Approaches to interop � 111 Figure 5.1: Regulatory Goals � 130 Boxes Box 1.1: Key lessons from the Mobile Infrastructure Project (MIP) � �10 Box 1.2: Key lessons from the National Broadband Scheme (NBS) � �11 Box 1.3: Key lessons: National ICT Broadband Backbone (NICTBB) �14 Box 1.4: Key lessons: Johannesburg Broadband Network Project (JBNP) �15 Box 1.5: Key lessons: Metroweb � 17 Box 1.6: Key lessons: Qatar National Broadband Network (QNBN) � 19 Box 1.7: Key lessons: MGTS � �22 Trends in Telecommunicaiton Reform 2016 vii