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Figure 5.3: Growth of apps available for download by platform, 2008-2012 �121 Figure 5.4: Worldwide market shares in 2012 �121 Figure 5.5: Share of global adspend by medium (%) �122 Figure 5.6: Percentage of the European population who ordered goods or services over the Internet � �122 Figure 5.7: Online payment methods by country in 2011 �123 Figure 5.8: Percentage of applicants that have been rejected for a job because of their social media/online profile, 2013 � 125 Figure 5.9: Google’s collection of personal data for its “street view” services �127 Figure 5.10: Trusted Cloud Europe framework �143 Figure 6.1: Data value circle �156 Figure 6.2: Active mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, 2007-2014 �158 Figure 6.3: Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, 2001-2014 �158 Figure 6.4: Comparison of quarterly growth rates for data ARPU and data usage (2012 to 2014) for Bharti Airtel India �159 Figure 6.5: Big Data worldwide revenue 2011-2017 by types in billion USD �160 Figure 6.6: Global advertising market (USD million) 2011-2017 �162 Figure 6.7: Worldwide mobile device shipments and market shares for the top-4 mobile operating systems in 3Q/13 in comparison to 3Q/12 �164 Figure 6.9: The importance of video and audio in mobile data forecasted, 2013 to 2018 �169 Figure 6.10: Market shares of online advertising and mobile advertising worldwide �174 Figure 7.1: Performance monitoring as part of a result-based management framework � �186 Figure 7.2: Categories of broadband indicators �186 Figure 7.3: Cycle of policy implementation and improvement � 189 Figure 7.4: Key elements of broadband plans �190 Figure 7.5: Allocation of roles and responsibilities in implementation and monitoring of a broadband plan � 191 Figure 7.6: Extract from an online status report: Digital Victoria �194 Figure 7.7: ITU’s backbone transmission map – with an example of interactive regional mapping capability � 196 Figure 7.8: New Zealand: Broadband deployment update as at 30 June 201332 �198 Figure 7.9: Nationwide availability of broadband in the U.S. by number of competing providers �200 Figure 7.10: Monitoring business and household penetration and adoption in Colombia �203 Figure 7.11: Cycle of consumer adoption / product life cycle observed in Canada �205 Figure 7.12: Broadband take-up by community anchor institutions nationwide, USA �206 Figure 7.13: European Commission Digital Agenda � 208 Boxes Box 1.1: GSR14 Best practice guidelines on consumer protection in a digital world �7 Box 1.2: Making sense of regulatory trends: the ITU Regulatory Tracker �9 Box 1.3: Econometric regression models for fixed broadband �15 Box 1.4: Econometric regression model for mobile cellular �16 Box 2.1: Effects of liberalization and introduction of competition: Case of mobile services in Costa Rica � 25 Box 2.2: The increased relevance of CDNs for Internet traffic exchange �30 Box 2.3 Canada’s ongoing reviews of mandatory unbundling for broadband access services �33 Box 2.4: Brazil’s National Wholesale Trading System �34 Box 2.5: Proposed Comcast/Time Warner Merger �40 Box 2.6. Recent changes in net neutrality �42 Box 2.7. Sponsored data program and competition in Canada �44 Box 2.8: Brazil Bans Mobile Operators from Selling Mobile Connections Due to Poor Quality of Service � 45 Box 2.9: Evolving landscape of traffic exchange between content providers, CDNs and large ISPs – the case of the United States (2011-2014) �46 Trends in Telecommunicaiton Reform 2015 vii