List of tables and figures Tables Table 1.1: ICT Regulatory Tracker summary structure (full set), 2007-2013 �10 Table 3.1: Applications of the Three Spectrum Distribution Models �64 Table 5.1: Cloud Initiatives in Select Countries �144 Figure 6.8: Operating profitability for mobile device manufacturers from 2007 to Q3/13 �166 Table 7.1: Overview of key areas in a monitoring framework �188 Table 7.2: A shifting balance: monitoring successive phases of a broadband plan �189 Table 7.3: Broadband construction overview and prospects for return on investment (ROI)* �195 Checklist of optional elements to be considered in a monitoring framework for implementation of a broadband plan �211 Figures Figure 1.1: History of the future �2 Figure 1.2: Regulation matters: the link between connected ICT users and the maturity of regulation � 4 Figure 1.3: A typical day in the digital world �4 Figure 1.4: Global smartphone data traffic forecast, exabytes per month �5 Figure 1.5: Internet is the new social: active users by social platform, January 2015 �6 Figure 1.7: Generations of regulation �8 Figure 1.6: So who’s in charge? �8 Figure 1.8: Evolution in ICT regulation, 2007-2013 �10 Figure 1.9: Better regulation is associated with faster growth in mobile broadband �11 Figure 1.10: Every Region is different: improving regulatory patterns, 2008-2013 �12 Figure 1.11: Screening regulatory practices: which regulations have shaped the ICT sector? 2006-2013 � 12 Figure 1.12: Winning formulas for fixed and mobile broadband �14 Figure 2.1: Individuals Using the Internet �23 Figure 2.2: Fixed and Mobile Broadband Subscriptions (2007-2014) �24 Figure 2.3: Key Mobile Market Metrics for Costa Rica �25 Figure 2.4: Challenges to Traditional Service Providers �27 Figure 2.5: International Call Volumes and Growth Rates, 1993-2013 �27 Figure 2.6: Companies Developing Technology Ecosystem - “Covering All the Bases” �29 Figure 2.7: MVNO/MNO activity split �35 Figure 2.8. Smartphone market share worldwide (2008-2013) �51 Figure 3.1: Growth in mobile broadband, 2007-2014 �61 Figure 3.2: Wi-Fi: As Channels Get Wider, DFS Becomes Unavoidable �73 Figure 3.3: Example Configuration of a Hybrid Satellite/Terrestrial Network (SkyTerra)30 �76 Figure 4.1: Use of location-based information and geosocial services among smartphone owners, 2011-2013 �90 Figure 4.2: Growth of Data �92 Figure 4.3: The Rise of Digital Storage �93 Figure 4.4: Big Data Characteristics: the three Vs �93 Figure 4.5: Enterprise applications with a focus on Big Data �96 Figure 4.6: U.S. baseball fans: where are they? �98 Figure 4.7: Personal Data: what is for sale? �101 Figure 4.8: How personal data is valued �102 Figure 5.1: e-Commerce turnover by region �120 Figure 5.2: Online spending per person �120 vi Trends in Telecommunication Reform 2015