Trends in Telecommunicaiton Reform 2015 v Foreword �iii Executive Summary �ix Introduction � �ix 1 Market and regulatory trends in the ICT sector � �1 1.1 ICT market trends � �1 1.2 A world of opportunities and challenges for consumers � �6 1.3 A New Contribution to the Debate �8 1.4 Conclusions � �16 Methodological Annexes � �17 Annex 1: ICT Regulatory Tracker � �17 Annex 2: Early Research from the Measuring the Information Society Report 2013 � � �18 2 Why Competition Matters and How to Foster It in the Dynamic ICT Sector � �23 2.1 Introduction � �23 2.2 Why Competition Matters � �23 2.3 A Changing Competitive Landscape � � �26 2.4 Regulatory Responses to Changing Competitive Conditions 31 2.5 Conclusion � �51 3 New Frontiers in Spectrum Licensing �61 3.1 Introduction: Regulators under pressure � � �61 3.2 The evolution of spectrum licensing � � �62 3.2.2 The “Pros” and “Cons” of current assignment models � �64 3.3 The New Frontier: gaining more usage from “less” spectrum � � �67 3.4 International and national developments � � �80 3.5 Conclusion � �84 4 Big Data - Opportunity or Threat? �89 4.1 The opening � �89 4.2 Setting the stage � �89 4.3 The opportunities � �96 4.4 Causes for Concern � �101 4.5 The Role of (and future for) Regulatory Authorities � �105 4.6 Conclusion � �108 Annex 1: 14 of the 15 Worst Data Breaches (2000-2012)24 � � �109 Annex 2: Forums, discussions and papers � � �112 5 Consumer protection in the online world � �119 5.1 Introduction � �119 5.2 Setting the scene � �119 5.3 Main online activities � �121 5.3.2 Shopping online � �122 5.4 Cross-cutting regulatory issues and the role of policy-makers, regulators and market operators 125 5.5 Targeted initiatives – specific market players � � �141 5.6 Conclusion � �144 6 The economic influence of data and their impact on business models � �153 6.1 Introduction � �153 6.2 The evolution of the data-driven economy � � �154 6.3 The structure of the data-driven economy – the data value circle �155 6.4 Selected value propositions and business models in the data-driven economy � � �163 6.5 Potential policy and regulatory implications � �177 7 Monitoring the Implementation of Broadband Plans and Strategies � �185 7.1 Introduction � �185 7.2 Coordination and oversight: the monitoring framework � � �187 7.3 Measuring and managing the implementation of broadband plans � �192 7.4 Conclusions � �210 Annex: A monitoring checklist for implementation of a broadband plan � � �211 8 Conclusion �223 Table of Contents