{"id":126,"date":"2024-04-11T10:02:47","date_gmt":"2024-04-11T10:02:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/satellite-webinars\/?page_id=126"},"modified":"2025-12-10T14:55:30","modified_gmt":"2025-12-10T14:55:30","slug":"january-2025","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/january-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"E1 \u2013 LEO Satellite Constellation Fundamentals"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"ituBanner event\" style=\"background-color: transparent; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0,156,214,0.66) 0%, rgba(0,78,107,0.66) 100%), url(https:\/\/); background-repeat:no-repeat; background-position: center center;\">\n    <div class=\"bgContainer\">\n        <div class=\"ituContainer grid\">\n            <div class=\"content\" data-span=\"8\">\n                <h2 class=\"h2\">E1 &#8211; <strong>LEO Satellite Constellation Fundamentals<\/strong><\/h1>\n                <img class=\"event-img\" src=https:\/\/ alt=\"Event image\" \/>\n                <div class=\"date-and-location\">\n                                            <p>30 January 2025<br> <\/p>\n                                                                <p>14:30 to 16:30 CET<br>Online participation<\/p>\n                                    <\/div>\n                <div class=\"buttons\">\n                                                        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kickstart your 2025 space journey with our inaugural Space Connect session! In this first installment of our exciting new series, we&#8217;re diving into the revolution happening in Low Earth Orbit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;Discover the orbital choreography of modern satellite constellations and the radio spectrum that makes global connectivity possible. ITU Secretary-General Doreen Bogdan-Martin and Director of Radiocommunications Mario Maniewicz will open this session, followed by expert insights into the technology and market forces driving the LEO satellite boom.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Join us for this first step into the future of space communications. Save your spot now &#8211; and stay tuned for more fascinating Space Connect sessions throughout 2025!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"ituContainer grid\">\n        <div data-span=\"12\">\n                            <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>                            <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"background-color:#00aae7;color:#00aae7\"\/>\n<\/div>                            <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Agenda \u2013 Episode 1<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div>                            \n<div class=\"wp-block-brblocks-programme is-scheme-black\" style=\"--accent:#1f2937\"><div class=\"programme\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-brblocks-session programme-session\" style=\"--accent:#00a0d2\"><div class=\"session-time\"><div>14:30<\/div><\/div><div class=\"session-details\"><div class=\"session-title\"> Opening Remarks &amp; Introduction<\/div><div class=\"session-content\"><div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Opening remarks by ITU Secretary General, Doreen Bogdan-Martin<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Introductory Remarks by ITU BR Director, Mario Maniewicz<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-brblocks-session programme-session\" style=\"--accent:#1f2937\"><div class=\"session-time\"><div>15:00<\/div><\/div><div class=\"session-details\"><div class=\"session-title\">Expert Presentations<\/div><div class=\"session-content\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-flexible-table-block-table is-style-default\"><table class=\"is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"width:100%\"><tbody><tr><td style=\"width:60%;padding:0 0 0 20px\"><em><strong>Constellations by the Numbers:<br><\/strong><\/em>Analysis of operational and planned satellite constellations, market trends, and key industry enablers<\/td><td style=\"vertical-align:top;width:30%\"><em>Carissa Christensen <br>Founder &amp; CEO, ByceTech LLC<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"width:60%;padding:0 0 0 20px\"><em><strong>Constellation Architecture:<br><\/strong><\/em>Impact of altitude and inclination on service delivery and space co-existence<\/td><td style=\"vertical-align:top;width:30%\"><em>Tim Maclay<br>CEO, Celestial Insight, Inc<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:0 0 0 20px\"><em><strong>Spectrum Foundations:<br><\/strong><\/em>Overview of frequency assignments and spectrum sharing approaches for constellation systems <\/td><td><em>John Pahl <br>Owner, Transfinite Systems Limited<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-brblocks-session programme-session\" style=\"--accent:#1f2937\"><div class=\"session-time\"><div>15:45<\/div><\/div><div class=\"session-details\"><div class=\"session-title\">Interactive Q&amp;A Session\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"session-content\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-brblocks-session programme-session\" style=\"--accent:#e53935\"><div class=\"session-time\"><div>16:30<\/div><\/div><div class=\"session-details\"><div class=\"session-title\">Session Close<\/div><div class=\"session-content\"><div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n                            <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"background-color:#00aae7;color:#00aae7\"\/>\n<\/div>                            <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Speakers<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div>                            <div class=\"br-contact-group mode-cards br-contact-columns-4\" data-sort-by=\"priority1\" data-hide-role=\"0\"><div class=\"br-contact-card\" data-jobtitle=\"Secretary-General\" data-title2=\"\" data-company=\"ITU\" data-country=\"\" data-logo=\"\" data-priority1=\"10\" data-priority2=\"0\"><div class=\"photo-bio-wrapper\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2024\/12\/itu-sg-doreen-bogdan-martin-11.jpg\" alt=\"\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bDoreen Bogdan-Martin\" class=\"br-contact-photo\"><div class=\"see-bio-icon\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"see-bio\" title=\"See \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bDoreen Bogdan-Martin&#039;s biography\"><span class=\"dashicons dashicons-welcome-write-blog\"><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"text-content\"><h3>\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bDoreen Bogdan-Martin<\/h3><p>Secretary-General<\/p><p>ITU<\/p><\/div><div class=\"br-contact-bio\" style=\"display:none;\">&lt;div class=&quot;ituContainer&quot;&gt;\n\nWith over three\u00a0decades of leadership experience in global telecommunications policy, Ms. Bogdan-Martin has emphasized the need for digital transformation to achieve economic prosperity, job creation, skills development, gender equality,\u00a0and socio-economic inclusion, as well as to build circular economies, reduce climate impact, and save lives. Her historic election by ITU Member States in S\u200beptember 2022 made her the first woman ever to head the nearly 160-year-old organization. Known for mobilizing innovative partnerships, she aims to promote meaningful connectivity, intensify cooperation to connect the unconnected, and strengthen the alignment of digital technologies with inclusive sustainable development.\u200b\u200b\n\n&lt;\/div&gt;\n&lt;div class=&quot;ituContainer&quot;&gt;\n\n\u200b\u200b\u200b&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/osg\/Pages\/biography-itu-sg-doreen.aspx&quot;&gt;Full biography&lt;\/a&gt;\n\u200b&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=qtHJvm_2RPU&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noreferrer noopener&quot;&gt;Video i\u200bnterview&lt;\/a&gt;\n\n&lt;\/div&gt;<\/div><\/div><div class=\"br-contact-card\" data-jobtitle=\"BR Director\" data-title2=\"\" data-company=\"ITU\" data-country=\"\" data-logo=\"\" data-priority1=\"9\" data-priority2=\"0\"><div class=\"photo-bio-wrapper\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2024\/11\/Mario-Maniewicz-BR-Director.jpg\" alt=\"Mario Maniewicz\" class=\"br-contact-photo\"><div class=\"see-bio-icon\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"see-bio\" title=\"See Mario Maniewicz&#039;s biography\"><span class=\"dashicons dashicons-welcome-write-blog\"><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"text-content\"><h3>Mario Maniewicz<\/h3><p>BR Director<\/p><p>ITU<\/p><\/div><div class=\"br-contact-bio\" style=\"display:none;\">Mr. Mario Maniewicz was elected Director of the ITU Radiocommunication Bureau at the\u00a0&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.itu.int\/web\/pp-18\/en&quot;&gt;ITU Plenipotentiary Conference 2018&lt;\/a&gt;\u00a0in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. He took office on 1 January 2019.\n\nMario Maniewicz is an electronic engineer specialized in telecommunications. He has been with the ITU for over 30 years, where he has served in high-level management positions in the Radiocommunication and Development Sectors as well as in ITU Regional Offices.\n\nAs Director, Mr. Maniewicz is responsible for the management of the Radiocommunication Bureau, which organizes and co-ordinates the work of the Radiocommunication Sector whose aim is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbits.\u200b<\/div><\/div><\/div>                            <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>                            <div class=\"br-contact-group mode-cards br-contact-columns-4\" data-sort-by=\"priority1\" data-hide-role=\"0\"><div class=\"br-contact-card\" data-jobtitle=\"\" data-title2=\"\" data-company=\"ITU\" data-country=\"\" data-logo=\"\" data-priority1=\"8\" data-priority2=\"0\"><div class=\"photo-bio-wrapper\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2024\/12\/image-10-150x1501-1.png\" alt=\"\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bPatricia Cooper\" class=\"br-contact-photo\"><div class=\"see-bio-icon\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"see-bio\" title=\"See \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bPatricia Cooper&#039;s biography\"><span class=\"dashicons dashicons-welcome-write-blog\"><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"text-content\"><h3>\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bPatricia Cooper<\/h3><p class=\"contact-role br-contact-role\" data-role=\"Episode Moderator\" style=\"color:grey;\">Episode Moderator<\/p><p>ITU<\/p><\/div><div class=\"br-contact-bio\" style=\"display:none;\">&lt;div class=&quot;ituContainer&quot;&gt;\n\nPatricia Cooper is a leading expert on satellite communications, regulation and space policy, and is the founder of the space consultancy, Constellation Advisory, LLC, where she advises smart space and satellite ventures and international projects.\n\n&lt;\/div&gt;\n&lt;div class=&quot;ituContainer&quot;&gt;\n\nFor six years, Cooper led Government Affairs for the Starlink satellite broadband constellation project at Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (SpaceX), where she secured Federal Communications Commission authorization for a record 12,000 satellites, and market access in more than 30 countries. She advocated for updates to spectrum, telecom competition and space safety regulations in the US and around the globe to support the coming generation of satellite networks. Today, Starlink serves over 2 million users worldwide with a constellation of over 6,000 satellites in over 70 countries.\n\n&lt;\/div&gt;\n&lt;div class=&quot;ituContainer&quot;&gt;\n\nPrior to SpaceX, Patricia was an executive at geostationary satellite fleet operator Intelsat and as for nearly 7 years, President of the Satellite Industry Association (SIA), the leading trade organization representing U.S. satellite operators, manufacturers and service providers. At SIA, Patricia advocated in regulatory and national security arenas, for fair trade and competition rules internationally, and spearheaded a successful bipartisan, bi-cameral legislative initiative to reform satellite export control legislation.\u00a0Previously, Patricia had served in both the U.S. Federal Communications Commission and the Department of Commerce, and led international outreach at two start-ups, CoreExpress, an Internet fiber infrastructure play and PanAmSat Corporation, a disruptor in the early satellite services market.\n\n&lt;\/div&gt;\n&lt;div class=&quot;ituContainer&quot;&gt;\n\nPatricia holds a Master\u2019s Degree with Distinction in International Economics from the John Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies and a Bachelor\u2019s Degrees in Political Science and German from Kansas State University (summa cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa).\n\n&lt;\/div&gt;\n\u00a0\n\n\u00a0<\/div><\/div><div class=\"br-contact-card\" data-jobtitle=\"CEO\" data-title2=\"\" data-company=\"BryceTech\" data-country=\"\" data-logo=\"\" data-priority1=\"0\" data-priority2=\"0\"><div class=\"photo-bio-wrapper\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2024\/12\/Carissa-Bryce-Christensen.png\" alt=\"Carissa Christensen\" class=\"br-contact-photo\"><div class=\"see-bio-icon\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"see-bio\" title=\"See Carissa Christensen&#039;s biography\"><span class=\"dashicons dashicons-welcome-write-blog\"><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"text-content\"><h3>Carissa Christensen<\/h3><p class=\"contact-role br-contact-role\" data-role=\"Panelist\" style=\"color:grey;\">Panelist<\/p><p>CEO<\/p><p>BryceTech<\/p><\/div><div class=\"br-contact-bio\" style=\"display:none;\">&lt;div class=&quot;ituContainer&quot;&gt;\n\nCarissa Bryce Christensen is the Chief Executive Officer and founder of\u00a0BryceTech, LLC, based in Alexandria, VA. She previously co-founded\u00a0defense\u00a0contractor The Tauri Group, acquired by LMI in 2019, and quantum computing software firm\u00a0QxBranch, acquired by\u00a0Rigetti\u00a0Computing in 2019. She is an\u202factive\u00a0tech\u00a0investor\u00a0and has served\u00a0on several\u00a0early-stage\u00a0boards.\n\n&lt;\/div&gt;\n&lt;div class=&quot;ituContainer&quot;&gt;\n\nMs.\u00a0Christensen is an internationally recognized expert on\u00a0the satellite and space industry,\u00a0known for rigorous analysis and innovative, data-driven strategy. She is a Senior Advisor to the annual US Space Force Schriever Wargame.\u00a0She\u00a0serves on the Senior Advisory Council of the Aerospace Corporation Center for Space Policy and Strategy, serves on the World Economic Forum Global Future Council on Space, and chairs the US board of the UN-affiliated Space Generation Advisory Council.\u00a0She is a founding member of the Future Space Leaders Foundation and chairs its Advisory Board.\u00a0Ms. Christensen previously served on\u00a0the National Research Council Space Technology Industry-Government-University Roundtable, which advises NASA, and served on the Space Committee of the\u00a0Defense\u00a0Innovation Board.\n\n&lt;\/div&gt;\n&lt;div class=&quot;ituContainer&quot;&gt;\n\nMs. Christensen\u00a0is a Harvard Business School Entrepreneur-in-Residence. She guest lectures at universities\u00a0including\u00a0Harvard, the University of Pennsylvania, and the Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy. She\u00a0has\u00a0testified before Congress\u00a0and Parliament committees\u00a0on the space industry. She publishes extensively,\u00a0is often cited\u00a0by major\u00a0media\u00a0outlets, and\u00a0has appeared in\u00a0commercial\u00a0space\u00a0documentaries by\u00a0&lt;em&gt;The\u202fFinancial Times&lt;\/em&gt;, Bloomberg and HBO.\n\n&lt;\/div&gt;\n&lt;div class=&quot;ituContainer&quot;&gt;\n\nMs.\u00a0Christensen is a graduate of Harvard University\u2019s Kennedy School, where she specialized in science and technology policy. She attended the London School of Economics and was a Douglass Scholar at Rutgers University. She is a Fellow of the\u202fAmerican Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and of the Royal Aeronautical Society.\u00a0Ms. Christensen was named 2023 Executive of the Year (Up to $75M) at the Greater Washington GovCon Awards.\n\n&lt;\/div&gt;<\/div><\/div><div class=\"br-contact-card\" data-jobtitle=\"CEO\" data-title2=\"\" data-company=\"Celestial Insight, Inc\" data-country=\"\" data-logo=\"\" data-priority1=\"0\" data-priority2=\"0\"><div class=\"photo-bio-wrapper\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2024\/12\/Tim-Maclay.png\" alt=\"Tim Maclay\" class=\"br-contact-photo\"><div class=\"see-bio-icon\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"see-bio\" title=\"See Tim Maclay&#039;s biography\"><span class=\"dashicons dashicons-welcome-write-blog\"><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"text-content\"><h3>Tim Maclay<\/h3><p class=\"contact-role br-contact-role\" data-role=\"Panelist\" style=\"color:grey;\">Panelist<\/p><p>CEO<\/p><p>Celestial Insight, Inc<\/p><\/div><div class=\"br-contact-bio\" style=\"display:none;\">&lt;div class=&quot;ituContainer&quot;&gt;\n\nTim Maclay is the President of Celestial Insight, a consulting company he founded in 2003 to provide space engineering and policy support to commercial and government customers. Core areas of expertise include astrodynamics, systems engineering, constellation design, satellite development, and space operations, with particular emphasis on the technical and policy aspects of orbital debris and space sustainability.\n\n&lt;\/div&gt;\n&lt;div class=&quot;ituContainer&quot;&gt;\n\nTim\u2019s experience includes more than 30 years in commercial space and spans the entire lifecycle of satellite systems, from design, development, and deployment to mission operations and ultimate decommissioning and disposal. He\u2019s been involved in the development and operation of more than 135 LEO satellites and 14 launch campaigns that include two generations of Orbcomm\u2019s data communications constellation and the initial deployments of OneWeb\u2019s internet constellation. Most recently, Tim served as the Chief Strategy Officer and US Managing Director for ClearSpace, an In-Orbit Services company focused on space debris removal and the creation of a more circular space ecosystem.\n\n&lt;\/div&gt;\n&lt;div class=&quot;ituContainer&quot;&gt;\n\nThroughout his career, Tim has been a staunch advocate for the adoption of responsible design and operational practices in space. His work has helped shape the current dialogue and direction of national and international sustainability standards and best practices, and his service on committees and boards includes CONFERS, ECSS, AIAA, IAA, the NRC, NASA\u2019s Engineering Safety Center, the Hypervelocity Impact Society, the Space Safety Coalition, and the World Economic Forum. Tim earned PhD and MS degrees in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Colorado, and a BS in Physics and Mathematics from Bucknell University.\n\n&lt;\/div&gt;<\/div><\/div><div class=\"br-contact-card\" data-jobtitle=\"Founder &amp; Director\" data-title2=\"\" data-company=\"Transfinite Systems\" data-country=\"\" data-logo=\"\" data-priority1=\"0\" data-priority2=\"0\"><div class=\"photo-bio-wrapper\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2024\/12\/image.png\" alt=\"John Pahl\" class=\"br-contact-photo\"><div class=\"see-bio-icon\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"see-bio\" title=\"See John Pahl&#039;s biography\"><span class=\"dashicons dashicons-welcome-write-blog\"><\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"text-content\"><h3>John Pahl<\/h3><p class=\"contact-role br-contact-role\" data-role=\"Panelist\" style=\"color:grey;\">Panelist<\/p><p>Founder &amp; Director<\/p><p>Transfinite Systems<\/p><\/div><div class=\"br-contact-bio\" style=\"display:none;\">&lt;div class=&quot;ituContainer&quot;&gt;\n\nJohn Pahl has over 30 years\u2019 experience of the radio communications industry and was a founder Director of Transfinite Systems Ltd. He led the team that developed the Visualyse Professional simulation software, which is the leading tool to analyse interference between radio communication systems.\n\n&lt;\/div&gt;\n&lt;div class=&quot;ituContainer&quot;&gt;\n\nHe has extensive experience of the ITU-R framework, including involvement in the cycle from WRC-97 to WRC-2000 that developed the equivalent power flux density (EPFD) limits in Article 22 that facilitates development of non-GSO systems while protecting GSO networks in Ku and Ka band. He was also involved at WRC-19 in the development of the associated regulatory framework in Resolution 770 that is applicable to parts of Q\/V band.\n\n&lt;\/div&gt;\n&lt;div class=&quot;ituContainer&quot;&gt;\n\nA particular area of expertise is the algorithm in Recommendation ITU-R S.1503, its implementation in software and the associated regulatory framework. He led the team that developed the EPFD validation software tool for the ITU and chairs the discussions within WP 4A that have agreed revisions to this Recommendation.\n\n&lt;\/div&gt;\n&lt;div class=&quot;ituContainer&quot;&gt;\n\nHe has supported the work of many non-GSO operators including providing consultancy and undertaking studies for their coordination tasks. He has been active in WRCs such as WRC-15, WRC-19 and WRC-23 including chairing drafting groups and acting as CEPT coordinator.\n\n&lt;\/div&gt;\n&lt;div class=&quot;ituContainer&quot;&gt;\n\nJohn has a master\u2019s degree in mathematics from Cambridge University and is the author of the book \u201cInterference Analysis: Modelling Radio Systems for Spectrum Management\u201d published by Wiley in 2016.\n\n&lt;\/div&gt;<\/div><\/div><\/div>                            <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>                            <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"background-color:#00aae7;color:#00aae7\"\/>\n<\/div>                            <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n    <section>\n        <div class=\"ituContainer grid\">\n                                                        <a class=\"ituCard anim\" data-span=\"6\" href=\"#Videos\" >\n                    <div class=\"content center\">\n                <div class=\"main\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2024\/04\/play.png\" class=\"icon\" alt=\"icon\" \/>\n                                            <p class=\"title\">\u200b\u200bRecorded Video\u200b\u200b<\/p>\n                                                            <p>Archive and YouTube<br>\u200e<\/p>\n                                    <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n    \n                                                        <a class=\"ituCard anim\" data-span=\"6\" href=\"#Download\" >\n                    <div class=\"content center\">\n                <div class=\"main\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/Global-ITU-WMO\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/48\/2024\/03\/download.png\" class=\"icon\" alt=\"icon\" \/>\n                                            <p class=\"title\">Download Presentations<\/p>\n                                                            <p><br>\u200e<\/p>\n                                    <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n    \n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"ituContainer grid\">\n        <div data-span=\"12\">\n                            \n<div id=\"Download\" class=\"wp-block-brblocks-accordion\"><div class=\"accordion-content  transparent\"><div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"background-color:#00aae7;color:#00aae7\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Download Presentations<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n    <section>\n        <div class=\"ituContainer grid\">\n                                                <div data-span=\"4\">\n                    <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group ituCard\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"grid-template-columns:20% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"226\" height=\"233\" src=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2024\/12\/Carissa-Bryce-Christensen.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-210 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2024\/12\/Carissa-Bryce-Christensen.png 226w, https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2024\/12\/Carissa-Bryce-Christensen-50x52.png 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 226px) 100vw, 226px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\"><div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Carissa Christensen<br><\/strong>CEO &#8211; BryceTech<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-icon-list uagb-block-ad3a6e02\"><div class=\"uagb-icon-list__wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child uagb-block-d51ef908\"><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Presentation\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2025\/01\/ITU-Space-Connect-E1-Carissa-Christensen-Presentation.pdf\"> <\/a><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-wrap\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\"><path d=\"M88 304H80V256H88C101.3 256 112 266.7 112 280C112 293.3 101.3 304 88 304zM192 256H200C208.8 256 216 263.2 216 272V336C216 344.8 208.8 352 200 352H192V256zM224 0V128C224 145.7 238.3 160 256 160H384V448C384 483.3 355.3 512 320 512H64C28.65 512 0 483.3 0 448V64C0 28.65 28.65 0 64 0H224zM64 224C55.16 224 48 231.2 48 240V368C48 376.8 55.16 384 64 384C72.84 384 80 376.8 80 368V336H88C118.9 336 144 310.9 144 280C144 249.1 118.9 224 88 224H64zM160 368C160 376.8 167.2 384 176 384H200C226.5 384 248 362.5 248 336V272C248 245.5 226.5 224 200 224H176C167.2 224 160 231.2 160 240V368zM288 224C279.2 224 272 231.2 272 240V368C272 376.8 279.2 384 288 384C296.8 384 304 376.8 304 368V320H336C344.8 320 352 312.8 352 304C352 295.2 344.8 288 336 288H304V256H336C344.8 256 352 248.8 352 240C352 231.2 344.8 224 336 224H288zM256 0L384 128H256V0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__label\">Presentation<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>            <\/div>\n                                                <div data-span=\"4\">\n                    <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group ituCard\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"grid-template-columns:20% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"229\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2024\/12\/Tim-Maclay.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-211 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2024\/12\/Tim-Maclay.png 229w, https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2024\/12\/Tim-Maclay-50x49.png 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 229px) 100vw, 229px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\"><div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>Tim Maclay<br><\/strong><\/strong>CEO &#8211; Celestial Insight, Inc<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-icon-list uagb-block-e9f998ba\"><div class=\"uagb-icon-list__wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child uagb-block-34e42a78\"><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Presentation\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2025\/01\/ITU-Space-Connect-E1-Tim-Maclay-Presentation.pdf\"> <\/a><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-wrap\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\"><path d=\"M88 304H80V256H88C101.3 256 112 266.7 112 280C112 293.3 101.3 304 88 304zM192 256H200C208.8 256 216 263.2 216 272V336C216 344.8 208.8 352 200 352H192V256zM224 0V128C224 145.7 238.3 160 256 160H384V448C384 483.3 355.3 512 320 512H64C28.65 512 0 483.3 0 448V64C0 28.65 28.65 0 64 0H224zM64 224C55.16 224 48 231.2 48 240V368C48 376.8 55.16 384 64 384C72.84 384 80 376.8 80 368V336H88C118.9 336 144 310.9 144 280C144 249.1 118.9 224 88 224H64zM160 368C160 376.8 167.2 384 176 384H200C226.5 384 248 362.5 248 336V272C248 245.5 226.5 224 200 224H176C167.2 224 160 231.2 160 240V368zM288 224C279.2 224 272 231.2 272 240V368C272 376.8 279.2 384 288 384C296.8 384 304 376.8 304 368V320H336C344.8 320 352 312.8 352 304C352 295.2 344.8 288 336 288H304V256H336C344.8 256 352 248.8 352 240C352 231.2 344.8 224 336 224H288zM256 0L384 128H256V0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__label\">Presentation<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>            <\/div>\n                                                <div data-span=\"4\">\n                    <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group ituCard\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center\" style=\"grid-template-columns:20% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"232\" height=\"243\" src=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2024\/12\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-207 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2024\/12\/image.png 232w, https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2024\/12\/image-50x52.png 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\"><div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong><strong>John Pahl<br><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>Director &#8211; Transfinite Systems<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-icon-list uagb-block-09701220\"><div class=\"uagb-icon-list__wrap\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child uagb-block-932c60c8\"><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Presentation\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2025\/01\/ITU-Space-Connect-E1-John-Pahl-Presentation.pdf\"> <\/a><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__source-wrap\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\"><path d=\"M88 304H80V256H88C101.3 256 112 266.7 112 280C112 293.3 101.3 304 88 304zM192 256H200C208.8 256 216 263.2 216 272V336C216 344.8 208.8 352 200 352H192V256zM224 0V128C224 145.7 238.3 160 256 160H384V448C384 483.3 355.3 512 320 512H64C28.65 512 0 483.3 0 448V64C0 28.65 28.65 0 64 0H224zM64 224C55.16 224 48 231.2 48 240V368C48 376.8 55.16 384 64 384C72.84 384 80 376.8 80 368V336H88C118.9 336 144 310.9 144 280C144 249.1 118.9 224 88 224H64zM160 368C160 376.8 167.2 384 176 384H200C226.5 384 248 362.5 248 336V272C248 245.5 226.5 224 200 224H176C167.2 224 160 231.2 160 240V368zM288 224C279.2 224 272 231.2 272 240V368C272 376.8 279.2 384 288 384C296.8 384 304 376.8 304 368V320H336C344.8 320 352 312.8 352 304C352 295.2 344.8 288 336 288H304V256H336C344.8 256 352 248.8 352 240C352 231.2 344.8 224 336 224H288zM256 0L384 128H256V0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"uagb-icon-list__label\">Presentation<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n    <section>\n        <div class=\"ituContainer grid\">\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n<\/div><\/div>\n                            \n<div id=\"Videos\" class=\"wp-block-brblocks-accordion\"><div class=\"accordion-content  transparent\"><div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"background-color:#00aae7;color:#00aae7\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">Webcast<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n    <section>\n        <div class=\"ituContainer grid\">\n                                                        <a class=\"ituCard anim\" data-span=\"4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/webcast\/archive\/r2025rss\" target='blank' rel='noreferrer noopener'>\n                    <div class=\"content center\">\n                <div class=\"main\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2024\/04\/archive.png\" class=\"icon\" alt=\"icon\" \/>\n                                            <p class=\"title\"><strong>Archive<\/strong><\/p>\n                                                            <p><\/p>\n                                    <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n    \n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u200b\u200bRecorded Video\u200b<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n    <section>\n        <div class=\"ituContainer grid\">\n                                                <div data-span=\"4\">\n                    <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Space Connect - E1 \u2013\u00a0LEO Satellite Constellation Fundamentals\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fqur6NzzodA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n    <section>\n        <div class=\"ituContainer grid\">\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n<\/div><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-brblocks-code-editor\" data-selected-script=\"css\" data-code-content=\".event-img {\ndisplay:none; \n}\n\n.ituBanner.event .bgContainer .event-img{\n    display: none;    \n}\n\n.ituBanner.event {\n    background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgb(0 156 214 \/ 50%) 0%, rgb(0 78 107 \/ 0%) 100%), url(\/space-connect\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/66\/2025\/03\/space-connect-banner.png)   !important; \n    background-position: top;\n    background-repeat: no-repeat;\n    background-size: cover;\nborder-bottom: 2px solid #009cd6; \n}\n\n\n.wp-block-media-text__media img, .wp-block-media-text__media video {\n    height: auto;\n    max-width: unset;\n    vertical-align: middle;\n    width: 100%;\n    border-radius: 2050px;\n    margin: 10px;\n}\n\n\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-brblocks-code-editor\" data-selected-script=\"jquery\" data-code-content=\"jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\n    \/\/ Ajouter le bouton &quot;Submit&quot; apr\u00e8s le lien &quot;Add event to my calendar&quot;\n    $('.buttons').append('<button id=&quot;submitBtn&quot; class=&quot;ituBtn&quot;&gt;Watch Recording<\/button&gt;');\n\n    \/\/ G\u00e9rer l'\u00e9v\u00e9nement de clic du bouton &quot;Submit&quot;\n    $('#submitBtn').click(function() {\n        \/\/ Ouvrir une URL dans un nouvel onglet\n        window.open('#Videos', '_blank');\n    });\n});\n\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-brblocks-code-editor\" data-selected-script=\"css\" data-code-content=\".ituBtn {\n    cursor: pointer; \/* Ajoute un pointeur au survol *\/\n    font-family: 'Gibson', sans-serif; \/* D\u00e9finit la police \u00e0 Gibson *\/\n    font-size: 16px; \/* D\u00e9finit la taille de la police \u00e0 16px *\/\n    \/* Ajoutez ici les autres styles de ituBtn *\/\n padding: 8px 16px; \n    margin-right: 1rem;\n    margin-top: 1.5rem;\n    height: 44px;\n}\n\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"ituContainer grid\">\n        <div data-span=\"12\">\n                            <div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group newsletter-signup\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stay up-to-date on ITU Space News.<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ituContainer\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sign up to receive updates on ITU Space news, delivered directly to your inbox.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n                <div class='gf_browser_gecko gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='gravity-theme' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_2' ><div id='gf_2' class='gform_anchor' tabindex='-1'><\/div><form method='post' enctype='multipart\/form-data'  id='gform_2'  action='\/space-connect\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/126#gf_2' data-formid='2' novalidate>\n                        <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_page_2_1' class='gform_page ' data-js='page-field-id-0' >\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='gform_page_fields'><div id='gform_fields_2' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below'><div id=\"field_2_7\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-honeypot gform_validation_container field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_2_7'>Phone<\/label><div class='ginput_container'><input name='input_7' id='input_2_7' type='text' value='' autocomplete='new-password'\/><\/div><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_2_7'>This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.<\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_2_3\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-email gfield--input-type-email gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_2_3'>Email<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'>\n                            <input name='input_3' id='input_2_3' type='email' value='' class='large'     aria-invalid=\"false\"  \/>\n                        <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class='gform-page-footer gform_page_footer top_label'>\n                         <input type='button' id='gform_next_button_2_4' class='gform_next_button gform-theme-button button' onclick='gform.submission.handleButtonClick(this);' data-submission-type='next' value='Next'  \/> \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div id='gform_page_2_2' class='gform_page' data-js='page-field-id-4' style='display:none;'>\n                    <div class='gform_page_fields'>\n                        <div id='gform_fields_2_2' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below'><fieldset id=\"field_2_5\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-name gfield--input-type-name gfield--width-half gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><legend class='gfield_label gform-field-label gfield_label_before_complex' >Name<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_text\">(Required)<\/span><\/span><\/legend><div class='ginput_complex ginput_container ginput_container--name no_prefix has_first_name no_middle_name has_last_name no_suffix gf_name_has_2 ginput_container_name gform-grid-row' id='input_2_5'>\n                            \n                            <span id='input_2_5_3_container' class='name_first gform-grid-col gform-grid-col--size-auto' >\n                                                    <input type='text' name='input_5.3' id='input_2_5_3' value=''   aria-required='true'     \/>\n                                                    <label for='input_2_5_3' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-sub '>First<\/label>\n                                                <\/span>\n                            \n                            <span id='input_2_5_6_container' class='name_last gform-grid-col gform-grid-col--size-auto' >\n                                                    <input type='text' name='input_5.6' id='input_2_5_6' value=''   aria-required='true'     \/>\n                                                    <label for='input_2_5_6' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-sub '>Last<\/label>\n                                                <\/span>\n                            \n                        <\/div><\/fieldset><div id=\"field_2_6\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gfield--width-half gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_2_6'>Organisation \/ Company<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_text\">(Required)<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_6' id='input_2_6' type='text' value='' class='large'     aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\"   \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n        <div class='gform-page-footer gform_page_footer top_label'><input type='submit' id='gform_previous_button_2' class='gform_previous_button gform-theme-button gform-theme-button--secondary button' onclick='gform.submission.handleButtonClick(this);' data-submission-type='previous' value='Previous'  \/> <input type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_2' class='gform_button button' onclick='gform.submission.handleButtonClick(this);' data-submission-type='submit' value='Submit'  \/> \n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submission_method' data-js='gform_submission_method_2' value='postback' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_theme' data-js='gform_theme_2' id='gform_theme_2' value='gravity-theme' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_style_settings' data-js='gform_style_settings_2' id='gform_style_settings_2' value='{&quot;theme&quot;:&quot;gravity-theme&quot;,&quot;inputSize&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;inputPrimaryColor&quot;:&quot;#204ce5&quot;}' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_2' value='1' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='2' \/>\n            \n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_currency' data-currency='USD' value='daiOpuIaG0UD4BTvvwBTfPdOS3LZaPn3CK+TgSje+DSAL5KZ3IBCxQy5\/zlEl3s7x1D7YhdDAwKcXW0xknmR0R\/hRfz5ZPsaEoO+lsmpc4vLaCw=' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_2' value='WyJbXSIsIjVjMmQ2ODI1NWQwY2M4Zjk2MTBiNjUwZTI0NjAyMTMzIl0=' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_2' id='gform_target_page_number_2' value='2' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_2' id='gform_source_page_number_2' value='1' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' \/>\n            \n        <\/div>\n             <\/div><\/div>\n                        <\/form>\n                        <\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 2, 'https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_2').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_2');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_2').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! is_redirect && ! is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_2').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_2').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_2').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { \/* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome *\/ jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gform_wrapper_2').offset().top - mt); }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_2').val();gformInitSpinner( 2, 'https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg', true );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [2, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_2'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}jQuery('#gform_wrapper_2').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gf_2').offset().top - mt);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [2]);window['gf_submitting_2'] = false;wp.a11y.speak(jQuery('#gform_confirmation_message_2').text());}else{jQuery('#gform_2').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger(\"gform_pre_post_render\", [{ formId: \"2\", currentPage: \"current_page\", abort: function() { this.preventDefault(); } }]);        if (event && event.defaultPrevented) {                return;        }        const gformWrapperDiv = document.getElementById( \"gform_wrapper_2\" );        if ( gformWrapperDiv ) {            const visibilitySpan = document.createElement( \"span\" );            visibilitySpan.id = \"gform_visibility_test_2\";            gformWrapperDiv.insertAdjacentElement( \"afterend\", visibilitySpan );        }        const visibilityTestDiv = document.getElementById( \"gform_visibility_test_2\" );        let postRenderFired = false;        function triggerPostRender() {            if ( postRenderFired ) {                return;            }            postRenderFired = true;            gform.core.triggerPostRenderEvents( 2, current_page );            if ( visibilityTestDiv ) {                visibilityTestDiv.parentNode.removeChild( visibilityTestDiv );            }        }        function debounce( func, wait, immediate ) {            var timeout;            return function() {                var context = this, args = arguments;                var later = function() {                    timeout = null;                    if ( !immediate ) func.apply( context, args );                };                var callNow = immediate && !timeout;                clearTimeout( timeout );                timeout = setTimeout( later, wait );                if ( callNow ) func.apply( context, args );            };        }        const debouncedTriggerPostRender = debounce( function() {            triggerPostRender();        }, 200 );        if ( visibilityTestDiv && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent === null ) {            const observer = new MutationObserver( ( mutations ) => {                mutations.forEach( ( mutation ) => {                    if ( mutation.type === 'attributes' && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent !== null ) {                        debouncedTriggerPostRender();                        observer.disconnect();                    }                });            });            observer.observe( document.body, {                attributes: true,                childList: false,                subtree: true,                attributeFilter: [ 'style', 'class' ],            });        } else {            triggerPostRender();        }    } );} ); \n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-brblocks-code-editor\" data-selected-script=\"css\" data-code-content=\".newsletter-signup {\n    border: 1px solid #009cd6;\n    border-radius: .25rem;\n    padding: 1.5rem 1.5rem 1rem;\n}\n\n\/* Ajouter la classe ituBtn au bouton de soumission *\/\nbody .gform_wrapper .gform_footer input#gform_submit_button_2 {\n  @extend .ituBtn;\n}\n\n\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kickstart your 2025 space journey with our inaugural Space Connect session! In this first installment of our exciting new series, we&#8217;re diving into the revolution happening in Low Earth Orbit. &nbsp;Discover the orbital choreography of modern satellite constellations and the radio spectrum that makes global connectivity possible. ITU Secretary-General Doreen Bogdan-Martin and Director of Radiocommunications [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-no-heading-template.php","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"folder":[11],"class_list":["post-126","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"gs-tiny":false,"xl":false,"xxl":false,"xxxl":false,"xxxxl":false,"xxxxxl":false,"gform-image-choice-sm":false,"gform-image-choice-md":false,"gform-image-choice-lg":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"mgaillard","author_link":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/author\/mgaillard\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Kickstart your 2025 space journey with our inaugural Space Connect session! In this first installment of our exciting new series, we&#8217;re diving into the revolution happening in Low Earth Orbit. &nbsp;Discover the orbital choreography of modern satellite constellations and the radio spectrum that makes global connectivity possible. ITU Secretary-General Doreen Bogdan-Martin and Director of Radiocommunications&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=126"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/126\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/space-connect\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/folder?post=126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}