ITU-T Focus Group Digital Financial Services Ecosystem

Foreword

Table of Contents

I The Digital Financial Services Ecosystem

Executive summary

1 Introduction

2 Products, Services and Use Cases

II Regulation in the Digital Financial Services Ecosystem

Executive Summary

1 Introduction

2 Categories of Regulation

3 Managing the Regulatory Environment

Bibliography

III Review of National Identity Programs

1 Introduction

2 Methodology

3 Overview of Selected National Identity Programs

4 Implementation Challenges

5 Functions Linked To Identity Programs

6 Characteristics of ID Programs with Functional Applications

7 Conclusion

Appendix A: Literature Search Methodology

Appendix B: Review Framework Questions

Appendix C: Summary of National Identity Programs

IV Enabling Merchant Payments Acceptance in the Digital Financial Ecosystems

Executive Summary

Part I: Merchants and Payments Acceptors in the Digital Financial Services Ecosystem

1 Introduction

2 The Payments Acceptance Value Chain

3 Merchant and Payment Acceptor Segmentation

4 Payments Acceptance Economic Models

5 Policy Considerations for Financial Inclusion

Part II: Driving Acceptance by Merchants and Other Payments Acceptors

6 Introduction

7 Hypotheses

8 Overview of Key Model Characteristics

Appendix I: Profiled Models

Appendix II: Additional Profiles

Bibliography

V Merchant Data and Lending: Can Digital Transaction History Help Jumpstart Merchant Acceptance?

1 Introduction

2 Digital financial services and the poor

3 Survey of In-Market Programs

4 Further analysis of the underwriting and loan process

5 Summary of findings and conclusions

6 Considerations for policy makers

Appendix 1: Glossary of terms

Appendix 2: ACD case studies

VI Impact of Agricultural Value Chains on Digital Liquidity

Executive Summary

1 Introduction

2 Background

3 Are payment-enabled agricultural value chains a solution for digital liquidity?

4 Agricultural Use Cases

5 Policy Considerations

VII Impact of social networks on digital liquidity

Executive Summary

1 Introduction

2 Social networks

3 BoP not participating

4 Potential benefits to the BoP

5 Policy considerations

Appendix I

VIII The Role of Postal Networks in Digital Financial Services

1 Introduction

2 The Current State of Play

3 The Role of Postal Networks in Digital Financial Services

4 Posts as support services

IX B2B and the DFS Ecosystem

Executive Summary

1 What are B2B payments?

2 B2B payment requirements

3 Benefits of B2B payments: Small buyers

4 Benefits of B2B payments: Small suppliers

5 Counter examples

6 Trends affecting B2B payments

7 Second order benefits

8 Barriers to B2B adoption

9 Considerations for financial policy makers

X Bulk Payments and the DFSs Ecosystem

Executive Summary

1 What are bulk payments?

2 History: How bulk payments are made

3 Challenges

4 The last 10 years: New ways of making bulk payments

5 Remaining challenges

6 The next ten years: Using the DFSs ecosystem

7 Structuring the future

8 Country stories

9 Considerations for financial policy makers

XI Over the counter transactions: A threat to or a facilitator for digital finance ecosystems?

Executive summary

1 Introduction

2 What and why of OTC transactions?

3 Are OTC as problematic as we thought?

4 The irony of OTC: It’s client-centric

5 Supply-side perspective for banks and third parties

6 Conclusions

XII DFS Glossary

Digital Financial Services (DFS) Glossary

Bibliography

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