Rec. ITU-T L.1022 (10/2019) Circular economy: Definitions and concepts for material efficiency for information and communication technology Summary History FOREWORD Table of Contents Introduction 1 Scope 2 References 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 5 Conventions 6 Introduction to circular economy concepts 7 Circular-economy-related legislation and standards 7.1 Emerging regulations and standards 7.1.1 EU Mandate 543 7.1.2 EU strategy for plastics in the circular economy 7.1.3 EU action plan for the circular economy 7.1.4 JRC initiatives 7.1.5 ISO 7.1.6 France 7.2 Voluntary certification schemes 7.2.1 EPEAT in the US 7.2.2 SASF 7.2.3 Modulated tariffs for e-waste treatment 8 Circular economy business models 9 Circular economy aspects and parameters affecting the environmental impact in different life-cycle stages 9.1 Raw material acquisition stage 9.1.1 Recycled content 9.1.2 Renewable content 9.1.3 Proportion of reused parts 9.1.4 Use of critical raw materials 9.1.5 Materials of concern: Single-use plastics 9.2 Use stage 9.2.1 Durability 9.2.2 Energy efficiency 9.2.3 Reparability 9.2.4 Upgradeability 9.2.5 Maintenance 9.3 End-of-life stage 9.3.1 Reusability 9.3.2 Recyclability 9.3.3 Reused components 9.3.4 Remanufacture ability/refurbish ability 9.3.5 Substances of concern 10 Circular economy on an organizational level 10.1 Reduction and reuse of production scrap 10.2 Operating with renewal energy 10.3 Transportation 10.4 Reduction of water usage 10.5 IoT enabled circularity 10.6 Studies examining monitoring and control services with sensors and ICT infrastructure focused on waste management 10.7 Take-back models reverse return logistics 10.8 AI enabled circularity 10.9 Wider system considerations 10.10 Circular economy in new network equipment acquisition process 11 Reporting 12 Insights and conclusions Bibliography