CONTENTS

 Introduction       ix
   Intro. 1      Transport Stream      x
   Intro. 2      Program Stream      xii
   Intro. 3      Conversion between Transport Stream and Program Stream      xiii
   Intro. 4      Packetized Elementary Stream      xiii
   Intro. 5      Timing model  xiii
   Intro. 6      Conditional access   xiv
   Intro. 7      Multiplex-wide operations   xiv
   Intro. 8      Individual stream operations (PES Packet Layer)   xiv
             Intro. 8.1     Demultiplexing    xiv
             Intro. 8.2     Synchronization    xv
             Intro. 8.3     Relation to compression layer   xv
   Intro. 9      System reference decoder   xv
  Intro. 10     Applications   xv
SECTION  1  –  GENERAL
        1.1     Scope
        1.2     Normative references
                  1.2.1     Identical Recommendations | International Standards
                  1.2.2     Paired Recommendations | International Standards equivalent in technical content
                  1.2.3     Additional references
SECTION  2  –  TECHNICAL  ELEMENTS
        2.1     Definitions
        2.2     Symbols and abbreviations
                  2.2.1     Arithmetic operators
                  2.2.2     Logical operators
                  2.2.3     Relational operators
                  2.2.4     Bitwise operators
                  2.2.5     Assignment
                  2.2.6     Mnemonics
                  2.2.7     Constants
        2.3     Method of describing bit stream syntax
        2.4     Transport Stream bitstream requirements
                  2.4.1     Transport Stream coding structure and parameters
                  2.4.2     Transport Stream system target decoder
                               2.4.2.1     System clock frequency
                               2.4.2.2     Input to the Transport Stream system target decoder
                               2.4.2.3     Buffering
                               2.4.2.4     Decoding
                               2.4.2.5     Presentation
                               2.4.2.6     Buffer management
                               2.4.2.7     T-STD extensions for carriage of ISO/IEC 14496 data
                  2.4.3     Specification of the Transport Stream syntax and semantics
                               2.4.3.1     Transport Stream
                               2.4.3.2     Transport Stream packet layer
                               2.4.3.3     Semantic definition of fields in Transport Stream packet layer
                               2.4.3.4     Adaptation field
                               2.4.3.5     Semantic definition of fields in adaptation field
                               2.4.3.6     PES packet
                               2.4.3.7     Semantic definition of fields in PES packet
                               2.4.3.8     Carriage of Program Streams and ISO/IEC 11172-1 Systems streams in the Transport Stream
                  2.4.4     Program specific information
                               2.4.4.1     Pointer
                               2.4.4.2     Semantics definition of fields in pointer syntax
                               2.4.4.3     Program association Table
                               2.4.4.4     Table_id assignments
                               2.4.4.5     Semantic definition of fields in program association section
                               2.4.4.6     Conditional access Table
                               2.4.4.7     Semantic definition of fields in conditional access section
                               2.4.4.8     Program Map Table
                               2.4.4.9     Semantic definition of fields in Transport Stream program map section
                              2.4.4.10     Syntax of the Private section
                              2.4.4.11     Semantic definition of fields in private section
                              2.4.4.12     Syntax of the Transport Stream section
                              2.4.4.13     Semantic definition of fields in the Transport Stream section
        2.5     Program Stream bitstream requirements
                  2.5.1     Program Stream coding structure and parameters
                  2.5.2     Program Stream system target decoder
                               2.5.2.1     System clock frequency
                               2.5.2.2     Input to the Program Stream system target decoder
                               2.5.2.3     Buffering
                               2.5.2.4     PES streams
                               2.5.2.5     Decoding and presentation
                               2.5.2.6     P-STD extensions for carriage of ISO/IEC 14496 data
                  2.5.3     Specification of the Program Stream syntax and semantics
                               2.5.3.1     Program Stream
                               2.5.3.2     Semantic definition of fields in Program Stream
                               2.5.3.3     Pack layer of Program Stream
                               2.5.3.4     Semantic definition of fields in program stream pack
                               2.5.3.5     System header
                               2.5.3.6     Semantic definition of fields in system header
                               2.5.3.7     Packet layer of Program Stream
                  2.5.4     Program Stream map
                               2.5.4.1     Syntax of Program Stream map
                               2.5.4.2     Semantic definition of fields in Program Stream map
                  2.5.5     Program Stream directory
                               2.5.5.1     Syntax of Program Stream directory packet
                               2.5.5.2     Semantic definition of fields in Program Stream directory
        2.6     Program and program element descriptors
                  2.6.1     Semantic definition of fields in program and program element descriptors
                  2.6.2     Video stream descriptor
                  2.6.3     Semantic definitions of fields in video stream descriptor
                  2.6.4     Audio stream descriptor
                  2.6.5     Semantic definition of fields in audio stream descriptor
                  2.6.6     Hierarchy descriptor
                  2.6.7     Semantic definition of fields in hierarchy descriptor
                  2.6.8     Registration descriptor
                  2.6.9     Semantic definition of fields in registration descriptor
                 2.6.10     Data stream alignment descriptor
                 2.6.11     Semantics of fields in data stream alignment descriptor
                 2.6.12     Target background grid descriptor
                 2.6.13     Semantics of fields in target background grid descriptor
                 2.6.14     Video window descriptor
                 2.6.15     Semantic definition of fields in video window descriptor
                 2.6.16     Conditional access descriptor
                 2.6.17     Semantic definition of fields in conditional access descriptor
                 2.6.18     ISO 639 language descriptor
                 2.6.19     Semantic definition of fields in ISO 639 language descriptor
                 2.6.20     System clock descriptor
                 2.6.21     Semantic definition of fields in system clock descriptor
                 2.6.22     Multiplex buffer utilization descriptor
                 2.6.23     Semantic definition of fields in multiplex buffer utilization descriptor
                 2.6.24     Copyright descriptor
                 2.6.25     Semantic definition of fields in copyright descriptor
                 2.6.26     Maximum bitrate descriptor
                 2.6.27     Semantic definition of fields in maximum bitrate descriptor
                 2.6.28     Private data indicator descriptor
                 2.6.29     Semantic definition of fields in Private data indicator descriptor
                 2.6.30     Smoothing buffer descriptor
                 2.6.31     Semantic definition of fields in smoothing buffer descriptor
                 2.6.32     STD descriptor
                 2.6.33     Semantic definition of fields in STD descriptor
                 2.6.34     IBP descriptor
                 2.6.35     Semantic definition of fields in IBP descriptor
                 2.6.36     MPEG-4 video descriptor
                 2.6.37     Semantic definition of fields in MPEG-4 video descriptor
                 2.6.38     MPEG-4 audio descriptor
                 2.6.39      Semantic definition of fields in MPEG-4 audio descriptor
                 2.6.40     IOD descriptor
                 2.6.41     Semantic definition of fields in IOD descriptor
                 2.6.42     SL descriptor
                 2.6.43     Semantic definition of fields in SL descriptor
                 2.6.44     FMC descriptor
                 2.6.45     Semantic definition of fields in FMC descriptor
                 2.6.46     External_ES_ID descriptor
                 2.6.47     Semantic definition of fields in External_ES_ID descriptor
                 2.6.48     Muxcode descriptor
                 2.6.49     Semantics of fields in Muxcode descriptor
                 2.6.50     FmxBufferSize descriptor
                 2.6.51     Semantics of fields in FmxBufferSize descriptor
                 2.6.52     MultiplexBuffer descriptor
                 2.6.53     Semantics of fields in MultiplexBuffer descriptor
        2.7     Restrictions on the multiplexed stream semantics
                  2.7.1     Frequency of coding the system clock reference
                  2.7.2     Frequency of coding the program clock reference
                  2.7.3     Frequency of coding the elementary stream clock reference
                  2.7.4     Frequency of presentation timestamp coding
                  2.7.5     Conditional coding of timestamps
                  2.7.6     Timing constraints for scalable coding
                  2.7.7     Frequency of coding P-STD_buffer_size in PES packet headers
                  2.7.8     Coding of system header in the Program Stream
                  2.7.9     Constrained system parameter Program Stream
                 2.7.10     Transport Stream
        2.8     Compatibility with ISO/IEC 11172
        2.9     Registration of copyright identifiers
                  2.9.1     General
                  2.9.2     Implementation of a Registration Authority (RA)
       2.10     Registration of private data format
                 2.10.1     General
                 2.10.2     Implementation of a Registration Authority (RA)
       2.11     Carriage of ISO/IEC 14496 data
                 2.11.1     Introduction
                 2.11.2     Carriage of individual ISO/IEC 14496-2 and 14496-3 Elementary Streams in PES packets
                              2.11.2.1     Introduction
                              2.11.2.2     STD extensions for individual ISO/IEC 14496 elementary streams
                 2.11.3     Carriage of audiovisual ISO/IEC 14496-1 scenes and associated ISO/IEC 14496 streams
                              2.11.3.1     Introduction
                              2.11.3.2     Assignment of ES_ID values
                              2.11.3.3     Timing of ISO/IEC 14496 scenes and associated streams
                              2.11.3.4     Delivery timing of SL-packetized streams
                              2.11.3.5     Delivery timing of FlexMux streams
                              2.11.3.6     Carriage of SL-packetized streams in PES packets
                              2.11.3.7     Carriage of FlexMux streams in PES packets
                              2.11.3.8     Carriage of SL packets and FlexMux packets in sections
                              2.11.3.9     T-STD extensions
                             2.11.3.10      Carriage within a Transport Stream
                             2.11.3.11      P-STD Model for 14496 content
                             2.11.3.12      Carriage within a Program Stream
Annex A – CRC Decoder Model
        A.0     CRC decoder model
Annex B – Digital Storage Medium Command and Control (DSM-CC)
        B.0     Introduction
                  B.0.1     Purpose
                  B.0.2     Future applications
                  B.0.3     Benefits
                  B.0.4     Basic functions
                               B.0.4.1     Stream selection
                               B.0.4.2     Retrieval
                               B.0.4.3     Storage
        B.1     General elements
                  B.1.1     Scope
                  B.1.2     Overview of the DSM-CC application
                  B.1.3     The transmission of DSM-CC commands and acknowledgements
        B.2     Technical elements
                  B.2.1     Definitions
                  B.2.2     Specification of DSM-CC syntax
                  B.2.3     Semantics of fields in specification of DSM-CC syntax
                  B.2.4     Control layer
                  B.2.5     Semantics of fields in control layer
                  B.2.6     Acknowledgement layer
                  B.2.7     Semantics of fields in Acknowledgement layer
                  B.2.8     Time code
                  B.2.9     Semantics of fields in time code
Annex C –Program Specific Information
        C.0     Explanation of Program Specific Information in Transport Streams
        C.1     Introduction
        C.2    Functional Mechanism
        C.3     The Mapping of Sections into Transport Stream Packets
        C.4     Repetition Rates and Random Access
        C.5     What is a Program?
        C.6     Allocation of program_number
        C.7     Usage of PSI in a Typical System
        C.8     The Relationships of PSI Structures
                  C.8.1     Program Association Table
                  C.8.2     Program Map Table
                  C.8.3     Conditional Access Table
                  C.8.4     Network Information Table
                  C.8.5     Private_section()
                  C.8.6     Descriptors
        C.9     Bandwidth Utilization and Signal Acquisition Time
Annex D – Systems Timing Model and ApplicationImplications of this Recommendation | International Standard
        D.0     Introduction
                  D.0.1     Timing Model
                  D.0.2     Audio and Video Presentation Synchronization
                  D.0.3     System Time Clock recovery in the decoder
                  D.0.4     SCR and PCR Jitter
                  D.0.5     Clock Recovery in the Presence of Network Jitter
                  D.0.6     System clock used for chroma sub-carrier generation
                  D.0.7     Component video and audio reconstruction
                  D.0.8     Frame Slipping
                  D.0.9     Smoothing of network jitter
Annex E – Data Transmission Applications
        E.0     General considerations
        E.1     Suggestion
Annex F – Graphics of Syntax for this Recommendation | International Standard
        F.0     Introduction
                  F.0.1     Transport Stream syntax
                  F.0.2     PES packet
                  F.0.3     Program Association Section
                  F.0.4     CA section
                  F.0.5     TS program map section
                  F.0.6     Private section
                  F.0.7     Program Stream
                  F.0.8     Program Stream map
Annex G – General Information
        G.0     General Information
                  G.0.1     Sync Byte Emulation
                  G.0.2     Skipped picture status and decoding process
                  G.0.3     Selection of PID Values
                  G.0.4     PES start_code emulation
Annex H – Private Data
        H.0     Private Data
Annex I – Systems conformance and real-time interface
        I.0     Systems conformance and real-time interface
Annex J – Interfacing Jitter-Inducing Networks to MPEG-2 Decoders
        J.0     Introduction
        J.1     Network compliance models
        J.2     Network specification for jitter smoothing
        J.3     Example decoder implementations
                  J.3.1     Network adapter followed by an MPEG-2 decoder
                  J.3.2     Integrated decoder
Annex K – Splicing Transport Streams
        K.0     Introduction
        K.1     The different types of splicing point
                  K.1.1     Ordinary splicing points
                  K.1.2     Seamless splicing points
        K.2     Decoder behaviour on splices
                  K.2.1     On non-seamless splices
                  K.2.2     On seamless splices
                  K.2.3     Buffer Overflow
Annex L – Registration procedure
        L.1     Procedure for the request of a Registered Identifier (RID)
        L.2     Responsibilities of the Registration Authority
                  L.2.1     Contact information of the Registration Authority
        L.3     Responsibilities of parties requesting an RID
        L.4     Appeal procedure for denied applications
Annex M – Registration application form
        M.1     Contact information of organization requesting a Registered Identifier (RID)
        M.2     Statement of an intention to apply the assigned RID
        M.3     Date of intended implementation of the RID
        M.4     Authorized representative
        M.5     For official use only of the Registration Authority
Annex N
Annex O – Registration procedure
        O.1     Procedure for the request of an RID
        O.2     Responsibilities of the Registration Authority
        O.3     Contact information for the Registration Authority
        O.4     Responsibilities of parties requesting an RID
        O.5     Appeal procedure for denied applications
Annex P – Registration application form
        P.1     Contact information of organization requesting an RID
        P.2     Request for a specific RID
        P.3     Short description of RID that is in use and date system that was implemented
        P.4     Statement of an intention to apply the assigned RID
        P.5     Date of intended implementation of the RID
        P.6     Authorized representative
        P.7     For official use of the Registration Authority
Annex Q – T-STD and P-STD buffer models for ISO/IEC 13818-7 ADTS
        Q.1     Introduction
        Q.2     Leak Rate from Transport Buffer
        Q.3     Buffer Size
                  Q.3.1     TBSn: same as other audio
                  Q.3.2     BSmux: different from other audio
                  Q.3.3     BSdec: different from other audio
                  Q.3.4     BSoh: different from other audio
        Q.4     Conclusion
Annex R – Carriage of ISO/IEC 14496 scenes in ITU-T Rec. H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1
        R.1     Content access procedure for ISO/IEC 14496 program components within a Program Stream
        R.2     Content access procedure for ISO/IEC 14496 program components within a Transport Stream