Recommendation ITU-T G.8271.1/Y.1366.1 (2020) Network limits for time synchronization in packet networks with full timing support from the network Amendment 2 (02/2022) Summary History FOREWORD Table of Contents Amendment 2 1 Scope 2 References 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 5 Conventions 6 Network reference model 7 Network limits 7.1 Network limits at reference point A 7.2 Network limits at reference point B 7.3 Network limits at reference point C 7.4 Network limit at reference point D 7.5 Network limits for deployment cases with the PRTC deployed in the access network Appendix I Clock models for noise accumulation simulations I.1 T-BC models for noise accumulation simulations I.2 End-to-end TC models for noise accumulation simulations Appendix II Hypothetical reference models used to derive the network limits II.1 HRM composed of T-BCs II.1.1 HRM without physical layer frequency support from the network II.1.2 HRM with physical layer frequency support from the network II.1.3 HRM for cluster-based synchronization II.2 HRM composed of T-BCs and T-TCs II.2.1 HRM with physical layer frequency support from the network Appendix III Network limits considerations III.1 Measurement of network limits in deployment case 1 Appendix IV Constant and dynamic time error and error accumulation IV.1 Introduction IV.2 Components of time error IV.3 Accumulation of time error in a chain of clocks Appendix V Example of design options V.1 Network limits V.2 Components of time error budgets V.3 Failure scenarios V.4 Time error budget allocation V.5 Operator options V.6 Further details Appendix VI Mitigation of time error due to synchronous Ethernet transients Appendix VII Maximum relative time error Appendix VIII Models for budgeting in a chain of microwave devices Appendix IX Models for budgeting in a chain of xPON or xDSL devices Appendix X Time error and transients due to PTP rearrangement Appendix XI Measurement of maximum relative time error limits XI.1 Measurement of maximum relative time error limits XI.1.1 Measurement in a laboratory environment XI.1.2 Measurement in a field environment XI.1.3 Measurement in a field environment using radio signals XI.2 Estimation of maximum absolute relative time error Appendix XII Examples of design options for fronthaul and clusters of base stations XII.1 Requirements XII.2 Fronthaul architectures for packet-based time/phase distribution XII.3 Failure scenarios XII.4 Synchronization options XII.5 Relative time error budget allocation XII.6 Network design guidelines and measurement of the network limits Bibliography <\pre>