1 Introduction
2 Tropospheric effects
2.1 Attenuation
2.2 Scintillation
3 Ionospheric effects
4 Shadowing
4.1 Roadside
tree-shadowing model
4.1.1 Calculation
of fading due to shadowing by roadside trees
4.1.2 Fade duration distribution model
4.1.3 Non-fade duration distribution model
4.2 Roadside
building-shadowing model
4.3 Special consideration
of hand-held terminals (user blockage)
5 Multipath models for clear
line-of-sight conditions
5.1 Multipath in a
mountain environment
5.2 Multipath in a
roadside tree environment
6 Statistical model for mixed
propagation conditions
7 Satellite diversity
7.1 Uncorrelated case
7.2 Correlated case
7.2.1 Quantification
of the shadowing cross-correlation coefficient in urban areas
7.2.2 Availability
calculations