Recommendation ITU-R BT.1698-1
Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR)
ITU-R Recommendations – BS Series: Broadcasting service (sound):
ITU-R Reports – SM Series: Spectrum management:
ITU-R Handbook – Study Group 1: Spectrum management:
ITU-T Recommendations – K Series: Protection against interference:
Annex 1 Evaluating electromagnetic fields from terrestrial broadcasting
transmitting systems to assess human exposure to non-ionizing emissions
1 Introduction
2 Characteristics of electromagnetic fields
2.1 General electromagnetic field characteristics
2.1.1 Electromagnetic field components
2.1.2 Far-field
2.1.3 Near-field
2.1.4 Polarization
2.1.5 Modulation
2.1.6 Interference patterns
2.2 Field strength exposure levels near broadcasting antennas
2.2.1 LF/MF bands (150-1 605 kHz)
2.2.2 HF bands (3-30 MHz)
2.2.3 VHF/UHF bands (30 MHz-3 GHz)
2.2.4 SHF (3‑30 GHz) and EHF (30 to 300 GHz)
2.3 Mixed frequency field
2.4 EMF inside buildings
3 Calculation
3.1 Procedures
3.2 Closed solutions
4 Measurements
4.1 Procedures
4.1.1 LF/MF bands
4.1.2 HF bands
4.1.3 VHF/UHF bands
4.1.4 SHF/EHF bands
4.2 Instruments
4.2.1 Introduction
4.2.2 Characteristics of the measurement instruments for
electric and magnetic field
4.2.3 Narrow band instrument types and specifications
4.3 Comparison between predictions and measurements
5 Precautions at broadcasting transmitting stations and in their vicinity
5.1 Precautions to control the direct health effects of RF high
level emissions
5.1.1 Employee (occupational) precautionary measures
5.1.2 Precautionary measures in relation to the general
public
5.2 Precautions to control indirect RF exposure hazards
Attachment 1 to Annex 1 Examples of calculated field strengths near
broadcasting antennas
1 Example A – Electric and magnetic field strength plots
2 Example B – Determination of the magnetic field strength in the
near-field zone of high power MF/LF antennas
3 Example C – Near electromagnetic field of HF transmitting curtain
antennas
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Near electric and magnetic fields of curtain antennas
4 Conclusions
Attachment 2 to Annex 1 Comparison between predictions and measurements
1 Foreword
1.1 Model used for antenna system
1.2 Advantages and limitations of the antenna system model
2 Comparison between prediction and measurements
2.1 Numerical analysis of wire structures: Example
2.1.1 Predictions
2.1.2 Measurements
2.2 18 MHz
2.2.1 Predictions
2.2.2 Measurements
2.3 Comparison between measurements and predictions of the field
strength in the near zone
2.3.1 13 MHz
2.3.2 18 MHz
3 Conclusions
Attachment 3 to Annex 1 International limits and levels
Attachment 4 to Annex 1 Further detail on modulation
1 Characteristics of radio emission
2 Expressing transmitter power and field strength in terms of modulation
type
Attachment 5 to Annex 1 Additional evaluation methods
1 Numerical procedures
1.1 Method of Moments (MOM)
1.2 Fast Fourier Transform/Conjugate Gradient method (FFT/CG)
1.3 Finite-Difference Time-Domain method (FDTD)
1.4 Multiple Multipole method (MMP)
1.5 Impedance method
2 Field strength calculations
3 Dosimetry
3.1 Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) calculations
3.2 SAR measurement
3.2.1 Electric field measurement
3.2.2 Temperature measurement
3.2.3 Calorimetric measurement
4 Body current measurement
4.1 Induced body currents
4.2 Contact current measurement
4.3 Touch voltage measurement
Attachment 6 to Annex 1 Electromedical implanted and portable devices
1 Electromedical devices
2 Implanted and portable devices
Attachment 7 to Annex 1 Additional references