Blockchain for smart sustainable cities Foreword Acknowledgements Disclaimer List of figures and tables 1. Introduction 2. Unfolding blockchain technology 3. Blockchain for smart and sustainable cities and communities 4. Blockchain for cities: use-cases 5. Blockchain for smart sustainable cities: cross-case analysis and framework proposal 6. Conclusion and key considerations for blockchain for cities Appendix 1: Glossary Appendix 2: B4C use-cases analysis Figure 1: Simplified data structure Figure 2: The process used to validate transactions in a blockchain Figure 3: Blockchain architecture options and differences Figure 4: Categories of smart cities initiatives Figure 5: Smart sustainable city and community framework (UNU-EGOV) Figure 6: Smart cities dimensions of the debt relief initiative in The Hague Figure 7: Smart cities dimensions of the DECODE Claim Verification 18+ Figure 8: Smart cities dimensions of the DECODE Figure 9: Smart cities dimension energy system in South Holland Figure 10: Smart cities dimension for the Moscow fair Figure 11: Smart City dimension of Active Citizen Figure 12: A land registry for Georgia Figure 13: Transparency in building applications for cell towers Figure 14: 4S Framework of blockchain for cities Figure 15: Blockchain for cities support to the SDGs Table 1: Consensus algorithm Table 2: Examples of blockchain types Table 3: Opportunities of blockchain Table 4: Challenges and barriers of blockchain technology Table 5: B4C applications in smart Governance, smart people and smart community Table 6: B4C applications in smart living, smart environment and smart mobility Table 7: B4C applications in Smart economy Table 8.A: Comparative analysis of the blockchain for cities use-cases Table 8.B: Comparative analysis of the blockchain for cities use-cases (end) Table 9: The sustainability in blockchain for cities Table 10: The smartness of blockchain for cities Table 11: Suitability dimensions of blockchain for cities Table A.1 (I): General context of B4C use-case Table A.1 (II): General context of B4C use-case (end) Table A.2 (I): Sustainability of B4C use-cases Table A.2 (II): Sustainability of B4C use-cases (end) Table A.3 (I): Smartness of B4C use-cases Table A.3 (II): Smartness of B4C use-cases (end) Table A.4 (I): Citizens participation in the B4C use-cases Table A.4 (II): Citizens participation in the B4C use-cases (end) Table A.5 (I): Technical characteristics of blockchain for cities use-cases Table A.5 (II): Technical characteristics of blockchain for cities use-cases (end)