Strategies Towards Universal Smartphone Access
Acknowledgements
UN-OHRLLS foreword
Executive summary
Section 1: Introduction: The opportunity
     1.1 The benefits of Internet connectivity
     1.2 Shifting focus from the “coverage gap” to the “adoption gap”
     1.3 The “consumption gap” as the next frontier and the benefits of upgrading to smartphones and broadband
     1.4 Mobile Internet access for sector-specific use cases
Section 2: Smartphone access as a barrier to adoption
     2.1 Supply-side barriers
          2.1.1 Supply-side barrier – handset affordability
          2.1.2 Supply-side barrier – last-mile supply chain issues
          2.1.3 Supply-side barrier – foreign currency availability and exchange rate volatility
     2.2 Demand-side barriers
          2.2.1 Demand-side barrier – lack of consumer understanding and information
          2.2.2 Demand-side barrier – lack of sufficient incentives
          2.2.3 Demand-side barrier – digital illiteracy
          2.2.4 Demand-side barrier – social and cultural norms
          2.2.5 Demand-side barrier – security and harassment
Section 3: Case studies and evaluation
     3.1 Methodology
     3.2 Higher priority interventions
          3.2.1 Higher priority intervention – device financing
          3.2.2 Higher priority intervention – taxes and import duties
          3.2.3 Higher priority intervention - improved distribution channels
     3.3 Interventions that merit further exploration
          3.3.1 Intervention for further exploration - device subsidies
          3.3.2 Interventions for further exploration – reuse of preowned smartphones
     3.4 Lower priority interventions
          3.4.1 Lower priority intervention – local manufacturing
          3.4.2 Lower priority intervention – smart feature phones
Section 4: Translating our findings into action: A five-point plan to increase smartphone ownership
Conclusion
Figure 1: Mobile Internet (MI) connectedness, adoption gap, and coverage gap by region, 2020
Figure 2: 4G connectedness, adoption gap, and coverage gap by region, 2019
Figure 3: Main reason for not using the mobile Internet, 2019-20
Figure 4: Main reason for not having a smartphone, 2017-18
Table 1: Classification of case study interventions
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