• Broadband: A platform forprogress
    • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
    • FOREWORD
      • A living resource for broadband development
    • Contents
    • 1 – Introduction and Executive Summary
      • 1.1 Broadband: a platform for progress
        • 1.1.1 A coordinated trans-sectoral approach
        • 1.1.2 Looking at the details
      • 1.2 What is broadband?
      • 1.3 Why is broadband important?
      • 1.4 Content, creativity and capacity building
      • 1.5 What can broadband deliver?
      • 1.6 How can broadband be deployed?
        • 1.6.1 Infrastructure considerations
        • 1.6.2 Country case studies
      • 1.7 Policy issues
      • 1.8 Broadband for the future
    • 2 – What is broadband?
      • 2.1 Possible definitions
        • 2.1.1 Quantitative indicators
        • 2.1.2 Qualitative indicators
        • 2.1.3 Combining both options
        • 2.1.4 Special considerations for developing countries
        • 2.1.5 A working definition
      • 2.2 A snapshot of the status of broadband
        • 2.2.1 The worldwide picture
        • 2.2.2 The gaps in affordability and rural access
        • 2.2.3 A regional perspective
    • 3 – Why is broadband important?
      • 3.1 The Economic Impact of Broadband
      • 3.2 Direct and indirect benefits
      • 3.3 Economic impact of building or upgrading infrastructure
      • 3.4 The spill-over effects of broadband infrastructure
        • 3.4.1 Productivity
        • 3.4.2 Innovation
        • 3.4.3 Restructuring the value chain
      • 3.5 Overall impact on economic growth
      • 3.6 The way forward
    • 4 – Content, creativity and capacity building
      • 4.1 Introduction: building inclusive Knowledge Societies
        • 4.1.1 The Information For All Programme
      • 4.2 Freedom of expression
        • 4.2.1 Protective regulation - net neutrality
      • 4.3 Universal access to information and knowledge
        • 4.3.1 Inclusiveness of access - broadband as an equalizer
        • 4.3.2 Digital preservation and access to heritage
        • 4.3.3 Open access
        • 4.3.4 Free and open source software (FOSS)
      • 4.4 Respect for cultural and linguistic diversity
        • 4.4.1 The importance of a multilingual Internet
      • 4.5 Quality Education for All
        • 4.5.1 Open Educational Resources
      • 4.6 Conclusion
    • 5 – What can broadband deliver?
      • 5.1 The rise of the digital economy
        • 5.1.1 Digital economy - key developments
      • 5.2 Cloud computing
        • 5.2.1 Cloud computing and national broadband networks
      • 5.3 E-commerce
        • 5.3.1 Online advertising
        • 5.3.2 Marketing as a provider of broadband content
      • 5.4 Looking ahead: the potential of e-commerce in China
        • 5.4.1 China's government e-commerce projects
        • 5.4.2 China's e-payment systems
      • 5.5 E-payments and e-banking
        • 5.5.1 Internet banking
      • 5.6 M-commerce
        • 5.6.1 M-commerce and near field communications
      • 5.7 M-payments
        • 5.7.1 International money transfer services
        • 5.7.2 Can m-payment services be profitable in developing countries?
        • 5.7.3 Micro-payments
        • 5.7.4 Standardized infrastructure required
      • 5.8 M-banking
      • 5.9. E-government
        • 5.9.1 Benefits of e-government
        • 5.9.2 Barriers to e-government
      • 5.10 E-health
        • 5.10.1 Massive costs of healthcare
        • 5.10.2 E-Health - Compelling applications on broadband
        • 5.10.3 Recent developments
        • 5.10.4 Estonia's e-health evolution
        • 5.10.5 Urgent rethink needed about e-health delivery
        • 5.10.6 E-health: Supply and demand
      • 5.11 E-Education
        • 5.11.1 The e-education market
        • 5.11.2 Recent trends and developments
        • 5.11.3 Case study: Australia
        • 5.11.4 Developments in Africa
        • 5.11.5 Digital education approaching reality
      • 5.12 E-Science
        • 5.12.1 Citizens' e-science
        • 5.12.2 International collaboration through the grid
      • 5.13 Smart grids
        • 5.13.1 The global smart grid market
        • 5.13.2 Australia and the United States - two leading markets
        • 5.13.3 Smart meters
        • 5.13.4 Utilities need to be modernized
        • 5.13.5 Smart grids - potentially disruptive business models
        • 5.13.6 Key alliances
        • 5.13.7 Smart grids for the developing world
        • 5.13.8 Smart grids and climate change
      • 5.14 Smart buildings, communities and cities
        • 5.14.1 Building smart cities to ease stress on resources
        • 5.14.2 Key components of smart cities
        • 5.14.3 Examples of Smart Communities
        • 5.14.4 Benchmarking studies in Europe
        • 5.14.5 Intelligent Communities Forum
      • 5.15 Environmental monitoring and emergency response
        • 5.15.1 Collecting and sharing data
        • 5.15.2 Weather information for all around Lake Victoria
        • 5.15.3 Emergency communications
      • 5.16 Broadband and climate change
    • 6 –How broadband can be deployed
      • 6.1 Creating infrastructure for the 21st century
      • 6.2 Elements of a robust infrastructure
        • 6.2.1 Optical fibre network linking major hubs:
        • 6.2.2 Local high-bandwidth connections to individual premises:
        • 6.2.3 Robust broadband wireless infrastructure
      • 6.3 Assessing the status of infrastructure
      • 6.4 Options for next-generation FTTH and FTTB networks
        • 6.4 1 Vertically-integrated carrier
        • 6.4.2 Wholesale active carrier
        • 6.4.3 Wholesale passive carrier
      • 6.5 Wireless broadband infrastructure
        • 6.5.1 Mobile broadband
        • 6.5.2 Mobile's need for fibre
        • 6.5.3 The spectrum issue
        • 6.5.4 Towards the fourth generation (4G)
        • 6.5.5 Growth of mobile broadband data services
        • 6.5.6 Satellite services
      • 6.6 Examples of infrastructure deployment and national policy
        • 6.6.1 Jordan
        • 6.6.2 Sweden
        • 6.6.3 Lithuania
        • 6.6.4 Angola
        • 6.6.5 Morocco
        • 6.6.6 Malaysia
        • 6.6.7 Brazil
        • 6.6.8 United States
        • 6.6.9 New Zealand
        • 6.6.10 Singapore
        • 6.6.11 Australia
    • 7 – Policy andregulatory issues
      • 7.1 What will it take to bring broadband to the masses?
      • 7.2 Key Issues in promoting broadband in developing countries
      • 7.3 Providing incentives for network investment
        • 7.3.1 Optimizing open market entry
        • 7.3.2 Competition for connectivity
        • 7.3.3 The role of foreign ownership
        • 7.3.4 Addressing persistent gaps in the market
        • 7.3.5 The government’s role
      • 7.4 Competition and industry regulation
        • 7.4.1 Backbone and international connectivity issues
        • 7.4.2 Funding broadband deployment
        • 7.4.3 Enforcing competition in the broadband market
      • 7.5 Broadband licensing
        • 7.5.1 Consistent licensing and authorization frameworks
        • 7.5.2 Using licensing to encourage broadband deployment
        • 7.5.3 Technology neutrality
      • 7.6 Optimizing the use of radio-frequency spectrum
        • 7.6.1 Evolution of spectrum assignments
        • 7.6.2 Spectrum pricing
        • 7.6.3 Demand exceeds supply
      • 7.7 Promoting open networks
        • 7.7.1 Enabling new technologies
        • 7.7.2 VoIP — a prime example of a broadband service
        • 7.7.3 Policing the open functioning of the market
        • 7.7.4 Preventing market foreclosure due to dominance
        • 7.7.5 Mandating openness
        • 7.7.6 Anticipated benefits of competition and innovation
        • 7.7.7 Operational and technical realities
        • 7.7.8 Impact on investment
        • 7.7.9 Open processes, standardization and intellectual property
      • 7.8. Infrastructure sharing and open access
        • 7.8.1 Access to public and private property
        • 7.8.2 Sharing passive telecommunication infrastructure
        • 7.8.3 Common approaches depend on political will
      • 7.9 Universal access to broadband
      • 7.10 Responding to the broadband challenge
    • 8 – Broadbandfor the future