Report ITU-R SM.2422-3 (06/2026) Visible light for broadband communications
Foreword
Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Scope
2 History of visible light communication (VLC)
3 Visible light and broadband
     3.1 Possibilities of broadband use via visible light
     3.2 Efficiency gains of the use of visible light for broadband communications
     3.3 Use of the spectrum
     3.4 Possible applications/services benefiting from VLC
4 Spectrum management aspects relevant to visible light
     4.1 Issue 1: Spectrum opportunities and spectrum allocation
     4.2 Issue 2: Spectrum planning principles
     4.3 Issue 3: International and regional harmonization
5 Technical and operational characteristics of short distance broadband communication via visible light
     5.1 Visible light communication transmitter
     5.2 Visible light communication receiver
     5.3 Current standardization activities
     5.4 Collected VLC related activities in the countries
          5.4.1 VLC research in China
          5.4.2 VLC research in Japan
          5.4.3 VLC research in Korea
          5.4.4 VLC research in The Netherlands
          5.4.5 VLC research in Turkey
          5.4.6 EU-China collaboration
     5.5 Collected VLC related activities in the Academia, Industry and Research Institutes
          5.5.1 Basic6
          5.5.2 Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute (HHI)’s LiFi Hotspot
          5.5.3 Hyperion technologies
          5.5.4 Lucibel
          5.5.5 Luciom
          5.5.6 LVX system
          5.5.7 pureLiFi
          5.5.8 Velmenni
          5.5.9 Tsinghua advanced integrated visible light and power line communication system
          5.5.10 EU-China Research Project – Internet of Radio Light
          5.5.11 High-speed point-to-point visible light communication system with motion alignment
          5.5.12 2.4 Gbit/s real-time visible light communication system based on blue LD
          5.5.13 A 25 Gbit/s plug-and-play self-alignment optical wireless communication system
6 Other relevant aspects (user needs, socio-economic aspects) for decisions on visible light
7 Conclusions
Annex 1  Tsinghua University lab results of an indoor broadband broadcasting system based on power line communication and visible light communication
     A1.1 Brief introduction
     A1.2 Demonstration implementation and evaluation
          A1.2.1 Demonstration setup
          A1.2.2 Performance evaluation
     A1.3 Future work
Annex 2  High-speed point-to-point visible light communication system with motion alignment
     A2.1 Overview
     A2.2 System introduction
          A2.2.1 LD-based VLC experimental platform
          A2.2.2 Adaptive motion tracking alignment VLC system
     A2.3 Main units
          A2.3.1 The camera system
          A2.3.2 Galvo system
          A2.3.3 Transceiver module
     A2.4 Measurement result
          A2.4.1 LD-based visible light communication trial
          A2.4.2 Prototype of adaptive motion tracking alignment visible light communication system
     A2.5 Summary
Annex 3  2.4 Gbit/s real-time visible light communication system based on blue laser diodes
     A3.1 Overview
     A3.2 System introduction
          A3.2.1 System description
          A3.2.2 Transmitter architecture
          A3.2.3 Receiver architecture
     A3.3 Measurement results
     A3.4 Summary
Annex 4  A 25 Gbit/s plug-and-play self-alignment optical wireless communication system
     A4.1 Overview
     A4.2 System introduction
          A4.2.1 Optical communication system
          A4.2.2 Dual-axis mechanical rotation platform
          A4.2.3 Self-alignment control system
     A4.3 Measurement results
     A4.4 Summary