Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR)
1 Introduction
1.1 Definition and general requirements of a radio quiet zone
1.2 Overview of the characteristics of the electromagnetic
environment and the impact of intentional and unintentional radiators
1.2.1 Regulatory controls of RFI: role of regulation
1.3 Goals of creating an RQZ
2 Characteristics of radio astronomy instruments relevant to RQZ
2.1 Geographic considerations
2.2 Frequency range
2.3 Modes of operation
2.4 Sensitivity
2.5 Effect of RFI on RAS observations
2.6 Geometric considerations
3 The electromagnetic environment
3.1 Intentional radiators
3.1.1 Licensed radio devices
3.1.2 Class-licensed (unlicensed) radio devices
3.1.3 Spacecraft-, aircraft- and platform-based radio
transmitters
3.2 Unintentional radiators
3.2.1 Industrial, scientific, medical
3.2.2 Vehicles
3.2.3 Power lines
3.2.4 Electrical and electronic equipment
3.2.5 Cumulative interference, the noise floor and its
increase with time
3.3 Propagation of RFI signals
3.3.1 Free-space
3.3.2 Diffraction
3.3.3 Gaseous absorption and rain attenuation
3.3.4 Ducting and other enhancement mechanisms
3.3.5 Reflection and scattering
4 Methods to achieve an RQZ
4.1 Receive-side Methods
4.1.1 Geographic location
4.2 Transmit-side Methods – Managing an RQZ
4.2.1 Legislative and regulatory control
4.2.2 Alternative technologies and network design
5 Implications in establishing an RQZ
5.1 Maintenance of RQZs
5.2 Increase in capabilities
5.3 Life of a facility
5.4 Evolution in the EMC environment
6 Challenges for radio quiet zones
7 References
1 Radio quiet zone around the Gran Telescopio Milimétrico (GTM) or Large
Millimeter Telescope (LMT)
1 The US national radio quiet zone
1 The Radio Quiet and Radio Coordination Zones around ALMA and other
telescopes in northern Chile
1 The coordination zone around the Arecibo Telescope
1 Introduction
2 Applicability
3 Background
4 Impetus for developing notification zones
5 Notification zone determination
6 Notification zone process
1 Introduction
2 Protection from individually licensed radiocommunications
3 Protection from spectrum licensed radiocommunications
4 Protection from class licensed radiocommunications
5 Protection from mining activities
6 Self protection from telescope operations
1 Determining an appropriate geographic zone
2 Terrestrial transmitters – Technical characteristics
3 Radio astronomy receivers – Technical characteristics
4 Propagation model
5 Interference analysis – centre criterion
6 Interference analysis – area criterion
7 Results
8 Impact of zones
1 Actions taken by the administration of Spain to protect the IRAM
30 m radio telescope operating in the Sierra Nevada near Granada
2 Actions taken by the administration of Spain to protect the Yebes radio
telescope
1 Introduction
2 The SKA Observatory
3 Protection Thresholds for the SKA
3.1 Telescope Protection Levels
3.2 Interferometric effect
3.3 Telescope Saturation Level
4 Classification of RFI Sources
5 Protection from ground-based RFI
5.1 Restriction Zones
5.2 Coordination zones
5.3 Exempted frequencies
5.4 Restricted access zones (RFI zones)
6 Protection from aerial and space-borne RFI
7 Conclusions
1 Restricted Zones
2 Coordination Zones
3 RFI originating beyond the RQZs
4 Establishment of RQZs
5 RFI management within the site
6 Safety critical situations
1 Propagation studies
2 Computerized Predictions
3 Location and Characterization of Potential RFI Sources
4 RFI Database
5 Field Measurements
6 Potential future RFI
1 The coordination zone around Itapetinga radio telescope
1 Actions taken by the administration of the Republic of South Africa to
protect the MeerKAT/SKA radio telescope operating in the Karoo area in the
Northern Cape Province
1.1 Introduction and description
2 Means to achieve the Radio Quiet Zone for MeerKAT/SKA
2.1 Geographic location and site shielding
2.2 Legislative and Regulatory control
2.2.1 Declaration of the Karoo core and central astronomy
advantage areas
2.2.2 Prohibition of spectrum usage
2.2.3 Management of the Karoo Core and Central Astronomy
Advantage Areas
2.2.4 Conditions for spectrum use within the KCAAAs
2.2.5 Restriction of spectrum use
2.3 Spectrum policy controls for broadcasting services
2.4 Maintenance of RQZ
1 Introduction
2 The Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory
3 The need for a study
4 The study
4.1 Path loss measurement and calculations
4.1.1 The hardware
4.1.2 Measurements
4.1.3 Modelling propagation path losses
4.1.4 Conclusions
4.2 Domestic radio emissions
4.2.1 The problem
4.2.2 Unwanted emissions from a single device
4.2.3 Unwanted emissions from a community
4.2.4 Conclusion
1 Introduction and description
2 Research activities
3 Legislative and regulatory control
4 RQZs in China
4.1 RQZ around FAST
4.2 RQZ around MUSER
4.3 RQZ around Delingha 13.7 m radio telescope
4.4 RQZ around Tianma telescope
4.5 RQZ for QTT 110 m telescope (proposed)