Report ITU-R P.2402-1 (06/2026) - A method to predict the statistics of clutter loss for Earth-space and aeronautical paths
Foreword
Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR)
Scope
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
General description of the clutter loss along Earth-space paths
1 Introduction and assumptions
2 Calculation of the power towards the station in space due to clutter
     2.1 Isotropic antenna case
          2.1.1 Reduction of power due to clutter along the direct path (isotropic antenna)
          2.1.2 Additional power due to other rays arriving at the receiver (isotropic antenna)
          2.1.3 Combination of direct ray and other rays (isotropic antenna)
     2.2 Directional antenna case
3 Analysis of clutter loss as a stochastic variable
     3.1 Classification of the link according to the line-of-sight condition
4 Ray launching stochastic methods for clutter loss distribution
     4.1 Method in Report ITU-R P.2402-0
          4.1.1 Use of directional antennas with the method in Report ITU-R P.2402-0
     4.2 Method in Chapter 2 of this Report
          4.2.1 Use of directional antennas with the method in Chapter 2 of this Report
     4.3 Univ. of Vigo four ray stochastic method
          4.3.1 Use of directional antennas with the UVigo four ray method
5 Ray-tracing stochastic model for clutter loss distribution
     5.1 Description of the models used for Recommendation ITU-R P.2108
          5.1.1 Model for the probability of line-of-sight conditions
          5.1.2 Model for distribution of clutter loss for an isotropic antenna
     5.2 Use of ray-tracing statistical model with directional antennas
CHAPTER 2
Stochastic model for clutter loss including direct path and ground reflections
1 Introduction
2 Urban clutter
3 General form of a statistical urban clutter-loss model
4 Assembling a template
     4.1 The use of representative survey points
     4.2 Obtaining the distance and altitude data
     4.3 Conversion to cumulative distributions
     4.4 Distributions forming a template
     4.5 Random value from a cumulative distribution
5 The stochastic model
     5.1 Inputs
     5.2 Model overview
     5.3 Obtaining the propagation geometry
          5.3.1 Horizontal distances
          5.3.2 Roof heights
          5.3.3 Ray heights above the station
     5.4 Diffraction loss
     5.5 Reflection loss
     5.6 Clutter loss
     5.7 Statistical output of the ray-launching stochastic method for clutter-loss
6 Application of the stochastic clutter-loss model
7 Building statistics used to derive the reference clutter loss distribution
     7.1 Representative areas similar to The City, London, UK
     7.2 Representative areas similar to the central area of Melbourne, Australia
Annex 1  Description of the digital products integral to this report
Annex 2  Application of the ray launching stochastic method of Chapter 2  to interference analyses
Annex 3  Application of the procedure of Annex 2 to a combination of different clutter scenarios
Annex 4  Summary of the characteristics of ray launching stochastic models
Annex 5  Summary of the reference scenarios of the Report